Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan; Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan.
Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
Chemosphere. 2023 Apr;319:138003. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138003. Epub 2023 Jan 30.
Biodiesel is an alternative to fossil-derived diesel with similar properties and several environmental benefits. Biodiesel production using conventional catalysts such as homogeneous, heterogeneous, or enzymatic catalysts faces a problem regarding catalysts deactivation after repeated reaction cycles. Heterogeneous nanocatalysts and nanobiocatalysts (enzymes) have shown better advantages due to higher activity, recyclability, larger surface area, and improved active sites. Despite a large number of studies on this subject, there are still challenges regarding its stability, recyclability, and scale-up processes for biodiesel production. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review current modifications and role of nanocatalysts and nanobiocatalysts and also to observe effect of various parameters on biodiesel production. Nanocatalysts and nanobiocatalysts demonstrate long-term stability due to strong Brønsted-Lewis acidity, larger active spots and better accessibility leading to enhancethe biodiesel production. Incorporation of metal supporting positively contributes to shorten the reaction time and enhance the longer reusability. Furthermore, proper operating parameters play a vital role to optimize the biodiesel productivity in the commercial scale process due to higher conversion, yield and selectivity with the lower process cost. This article also analyses the relationship between different types of feedstocks towards the quality and quantity of biodiesel production. Crude palm oil is convinced as the most prospective and promising feedstock due to massive production, low cost, and easily available. It also evaluates key factors and technologies for biodiesel production in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brazil, and the USA as the biggest biodiesel production supply.
生物柴油是一种替代传统化石柴油的可再生能源，具有相似的性质和许多环境效益。使用传统催化剂（如均相、多相或酶催化剂）生产生物柴油存在催化剂在重复反应循环后失活的问题。由于具有更高的活性、可回收性、更大的表面积和改善的活性位点，纳米相催化剂和纳米生物催化剂（酶）显示出更好的优势。尽管在这个课题上已经进行了大量的研究，但在生物柴油生产的稳定性、可回收性和放大过程方面仍然存在挑战。因此，本研究的目的是综述纳米催化剂和纳米生物催化剂的当前改性和作用，以及观察各种参数对生物柴油生产的影响。纳米催化剂和纳米生物催化剂由于具有强的布朗斯台德-路易斯酸度、更大的活性点和更好的可及性，表现出长期的稳定性，从而提高了生物柴油的产量。金属的加入对缩短反应时间和提高更长的可重复使用性有积极的贡献。此外，适当的操作参数在商业规模过程中对于优化生物柴油的生产效率起着至关重要的作用，因为可以获得更高的转化率、产率和选择性，同时降低工艺成本。本文还分析了不同类型原料与生物柴油生产的质量和数量之间的关系。由于大量生产、低成本和易得性，棕榈油被认为是最有前途和最有希望的原料。本文还评估了印度尼西亚、马来西亚、巴西和美国作为最大的生物柴油生产供应国的生物柴油生产的关键因素和技术。
