Department of Mathematics, Quaid-I-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
Department of Mathematics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
Sci Rep. 2023 Feb 2;13(1):1953. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-28515-1.
Nanofluids with their augmented thermal characteristics exhibit numerous implementations in engineering and industrial fields such as heat exchangers, microelectronics, chiller, pharmaceutical procedures, etc. Due to such properties of nanofluids, a mathematical model of non-Newtonian Casson nanofluid is analyzed in this current study to explore the steady flow mechanism with the contribution of water-based Aluminum oxide nanoparticles. A stretchable surface incorporating variable thickness is considered to be the source of the concerning fluid flow in two-dimension. An exponential viscosity of the nanofluid is proposed to observe the fluid flow phenomenon. Different models of viscosity including Brinkman and Einstein are also incorporated in the flow analysis and compared with the present exponential model. The physical flow problem is organized in the boundary layer equations which are further tackled by the execution of the relevant similarity transformations and appear in the form of ordinary nonlinear differential equations. The different three models of nanofluid viscosity exhibit strong graphical and tabulated relations with each other relative to the various aspects of the flow problem. In all concerned models of the viscosity, the deteriorating nature of the velocity field corresponding to the Casson fluid and surface thickness parameters is observed.
具有增强热特性的纳米流体在工程和工业领域有许多应用,如换热器、微电子、制冷机、制药工艺等。由于纳米流体具有这些特性,本研究分析了非牛顿 Casson 纳米流体的数学模型,以探讨在水基氧化铝纳米粒子的贡献下的稳定流动机制。一个具有可变厚度的可拉伸表面被认为是二维相关流体流动的源。提出了纳米流体的指数粘度来观察流体流动现象。包括 Brinkman 和 Einstein 在内的不同粘度模型也被纳入流动分析,并与当前的指数模型进行了比较。物理流动问题被组织在边界层方程中,然后通过执行相关的相似变换来解决,并以常微分方程的形式出现。不同的三种纳米流体粘度模型相对于流动问题的各个方面表现出强烈的图形和表格关系。在所有相关的粘度模型中,都观察到对应于 Casson 流体和表面厚度参数的速度场的恶化性质。