Almuklass Awad M, Alawad Yousef A, Alanazi Abdulmalek S, Alamro Azzam A, Alagedi Faisal H, Alshehri Yasser A, Masuadi Emad, Alotaibi Naser, Alkhateeb Mahmoud
Basic Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU.
Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU.
Cureus. 2023 Jan 1;15(1):e33236. doi: 10.7759/cureus.33236. eCollection 2023 Jan.
Introduction Stroke places a huge burden on the socioeconomic systems. Hemorrhagic stroke (HS) is the second most common type of stroke and the second leading cause of disability and death. The updated data on the prevalence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) stroke and related physiological risk factors in Saudi Arabia were limited. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of ICH stroke and the related physiological risk factors. Methods This was a retrospective, hospital-based, and chart review study that utilized the BESTCare system at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Patients who attended the neurology department (inpatient/outpatient) between 2015 and 2020 were studied. The statistical tool JMP (JMP Inc., Cary, NC, USA) was used for data entry and analysis. Results Patient data (N = 1,870, 58.6 ± 13.87 years old) were screened for comorbidities, hypertension (66.1%), diabetes mellitus (DM) (57.7%), hyperlipidemia (28.4%), and history of an old stroke (22.3%). Ischemic stroke (IS) was more dominant than ICH stroke with ratios of 94.5% (n = 1767) versus 5.5% (n = 103), respectively. The prevalence of ICH stroke among the patients (n = 103) was 10.6%, 20.3%, 24.2%, and 28.1% in the age groups of <40, 41-50, 51-60, and 61-70 years old, respectively. There was a significant gender effect on the distribution of both IS and ICH (p = 0.003). ICH strokes were more prevalent in males than in females. Body mass index (BMI) has no significant effect on the prevalence of IS and ICH stroke (p = 0.081). ICH stroke was significantly associated with DM (p = 0.032), hypertension (p = 0.01), and hyperlipidemia (p = 0.002). Regression analyses show that only hypertension (positive association) and hyperlipidemia (negative association) were significantly associated with the incidence of ICH stroke. Conclusion IS was more prevalent than ICH stroke. ICH strokes were more prevalent in males than in females. Also, hypertension was the most common factor leading to ICH stroke, unlike hyperlipidemia, which was revealed to be protective against ICH stroke.
引言
中风给社会经济系统带来了巨大负担。出血性中风（HS）是第二常见的中风类型，也是导致残疾和死亡的第二大原因。沙特阿拉伯关于脑出血（ICH）性中风患病率及相关生理风险因素的最新数据有限。本研究的目的是确定ICH性中风的患病率及相关生理风险因素。
方法
这是一项基于医院的回顾性图表审查研究，利用了沙特阿拉伯利雅得阿卜杜勒阿齐兹国王医疗城（KAMC）的BESTCare系统。对2015年至2020年间到神经科就诊（住院/门诊）的患者进行了研究。使用统计工具JMP（美国北卡罗来纳州卡里市JMP公司）进行数据录入和分析。
结果
对患者数据（N = 1870，年龄58.6 ± 13.87岁）进行了合并症筛查，包括高血压（66.1%）、糖尿病（DM）（57.7%）、高脂血症（28.4%）和既往中风史（22.3%）。缺血性中风（IS）比ICH性中风更常见，比例分别为94.5%（n = 1767）和5.5%（n = 103）。在年龄小于40岁、41 - 50岁、51 - 60岁和61 - 70岁的患者组中，ICH性中风的患病率分别为10.6%、20.3%、24.2%和28.1%。IS和ICH的分布存在显著的性别效应（p = 0.003）。ICH性中风在男性中比在女性中更普遍。体重指数（BMI）对IS和ICH性中风的患病率没有显著影响（p = 0.081）。ICH性中风与DM（p = 0.032）、高血压（p = 0.01）和高脂血症（p = 0.002）显著相关。回归分析表明，只有高血压（正相关）和高脂血症（负相关）与ICH性中风的发病率显著相关。
结论
IS比ICH性中风更普遍。ICH性中风在男性中比在女性中更普遍。此外，高血压是导致ICH性中风的最常见因素，与高脂血症不同，高脂血症被发现对ICH性中风有保护作用。
