Zapf Anne Maria, Fey Kerstin, Büttner Kathrin, Gröf Manuela, Staszyk Carsten
Equine Clinic, Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
Unit for Biomathematics and Data Processing, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
Front Vet Sci. 2023 Jan 17;10:1114445. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1114445. eCollection 2023.
Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) and dental disorders are of major concern in horses older than 15 years. Although PPID in geriatric horses and dental disorders in all age groups are well described, a connection between this endocrine disease and pathological changes in equine dental structures has not yet been investigated. In humans, periodontitis is considered to be a complication of systemic diseases like diabetes mellitus type 2, obesity and various conditions leading to an impaired immune response. In PPID, cross links to insulin and immune dysregulations are proven. The aim of this study was to compare histological findings of the gingiva and the sub gingival periodontal ligament of PPID affected horses with control horses.
In a case-control morphometric descriptive study, 145 dental locations of 10 PPID affected horses (27.3 ± 2.06 years) were compared with 147 dental locations of 10 controls (21.4 ± 4.12 years). Histological parameters were leukocyte infiltration, keratinization of gingival epithelium, blood vessel supply of the periodontium and structure of cementum.
The distribution and localization of gingival leukocyte infiltrations (LI) in PPID affected horses was more often multifocal to coalescing ( = 0.002) and reached into deeper parts of the periodontium, sometimes down to the sub gingival periodontal ligament (PDL). Aged animals of both groups showed higher prevalence (PPID: OR 1.66; controls: OR 1.15) for severe leukocyte infiltration in the PDL. PPID was not significantly associated with increased LI. The cementum bordering the soft tissue in interdental locations showed four times more irregularities in PPID affected horses than in controls which predisposes for interdental food impaction and periodontal diseases.
In summary, multifocal to coalescing leukocytes and irregular cementum are seen more often in PPID than in controls - however our findings mainly reflect an association of older age with periodontal disease.
垂体中间部功能障碍（PPID）和牙齿疾病是15岁以上马匹的主要问题。虽然老年马匹的PPID和所有年龄组的牙齿疾病都有详细描述，但这种内分泌疾病与马牙齿结构病理变化之间的联系尚未得到研究。在人类中，牙周炎被认为是2型糖尿病、肥胖症等全身性疾病以及各种导致免疫反应受损的病症的并发症。在PPID中，与胰岛素和免疫失调的交叉联系已得到证实。本研究的目的是比较患PPID马匹与对照马匹牙龈和龈下牙周膜的组织学发现。
在一项病例对照形态学描述性研究中，将10匹患PPID的马（27.3±2.06岁）的145个牙齿部位与10匹对照马（21.4±4.12岁）的147个牙齿部位进行比较。组织学参数包括白细胞浸润、牙龈上皮角化、牙周膜血管供应和牙骨质结构。
患PPID马匹牙龈白细胞浸润（LI）的分布和定位更常为多灶性至融合性（P = 0.002），并延伸至牙周膜更深部位，有时直至龈下牙周膜（PDL）。两组老年动物在PDL中严重白细胞浸润的患病率均较高（PPID：OR 1.66；对照：OR 1.15）。PPID与LI增加无显著相关性。患PPID马匹牙间部位与软组织相邻的牙骨质不规则处比对照马匹多四倍，这易导致牙间食物嵌塞和牙周疾病。
总之，PPID中多灶性至融合性白细胞和不规则牙骨质比对照中更常见——然而我们的发现主要反映了老年与牙周疾病的关联。
