Liu Howe, Wiedman Christopher M, Lovelace-Chandler Venita, Gong Suzhen, Salem Yasser
Physical Therapy Program, Allen College, Waterloo, IA, USA.
Office of Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
J Holist Nurs. 2024 Mar;42(1):90-103. doi: 10.1177/08980101221149866. Epub 2023 Feb 3.
Deep diaphragmatic breathing (DDB) involves slow and fully contraction of the diaphragm with expansion of the belly during inhalation, and slow and fully contraction of the abdominal muscles with reduction of the belly during exhalation. It is the key component of the holistic mind-body exercises commonly used for patients with multimorbidity. The purpose of this study was to re-visit and address the fundamental anatomical and biomechanical consideration of the DDB with the relevant literature. Peer-reviewed publications from last the 15 years were retrieved, reviewed, and analyzed. In this article, we described the updated morphological and anatomical characteristics of the diaphragm. Then, we elucidated in a biomechanical approach how and why the DDB can work on the gastrointestinal, cardiopulmonary, and nervous systems as well as on regulating the intra-abdominopelvic pressure and mind-body interaction to coordinate the diaphragm-pelvic floor-abdominal complex for a variety of physical and physiological activities. Understanding of this updated DDB knowledge may help holistic healthcare professionals including holistic nurses provide better patient education and care management during the DDB or DDB-based mind-body intervention time.
深度膈肌呼吸（DDB）包括在吸气时膈肌缓慢且充分收缩，腹部扩张，以及在呼气时腹部肌肉缓慢且充分收缩，腹部回缩。它是常用于患有多种疾病患者的整体身心锻炼的关键组成部分。本研究的目的是结合相关文献重新审视并探讨深度膈肌呼吸的基本解剖学和生物力学因素。检索、审阅并分析了过去15年的同行评审出版物。在本文中，我们描述了膈肌最新的形态学和解剖学特征。然后，我们采用生物力学方法阐明了深度膈肌呼吸如何以及为何能够作用于胃肠、心肺和神经系统，以及调节腹盆腔内压力和身心相互作用，从而协调膈肌 - 盆底 - 腹部复合体以进行各种身体和生理活动。了解这些更新后的深度膈肌呼吸知识可能有助于包括整体护理人员在内的整体医疗保健专业人员在进行深度膈肌呼吸或基于深度膈肌呼吸的身心干预期间提供更好的患者教育和护理管理。
