Department of Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria.
Environ Monit Assess. 2023 Feb 3;195(3):360. doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-10930-6.
This study assessed the human health hazards and ecological risks of heavy metals from waste sites in residential vicinity. The heavy metals analyzed were Cr, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, and Zn. A total of 40 soil samples were collected from waste sites in two residential estates located in the urban and suburb areas of Umuahia, Abia state. Results revealed a trend in concentrations of the heavy metals for both sites in the following order: Cu > Ni > Zn > Cr > Cd > Pb. The concentrations of heavy metals were higher in rural soils than in urban soil. The contamination factor (CF) indices for Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn were less than 1 for both sites, signifying a low contamination scenario. The contamination factor for Cd (6 > CF) for both sites indicated a very high contamination status. The estimated degree of contamination (Cdeg) was less than the lower threshold of 8.0, denoting a low degree of contamination. Cd was the highest contributor to ecological risk with Er index value of 184.2 among measured heavy metals. The overall potential ecological risk index for urban and rural sites are 187.1 and 196.1 respectively, classifying the sites as moderate risk. The overall non-carcinogenic hazard index values (HI) for adults and children in urban and rural soils are 0.00248, 0.0198 and 0.0028, 0.0223 respectively, which are below the acceptable limit (HI < 1), indicating that the exposed residents are unlikely to experience any apparent adverse health hazards. However, children are more susceptible to non-carcinogenic hazards than adults in the study areas.
本研究评估了居住附近废物场中重金属对人类健康的危害和生态风险。分析的重金属有 Cr、Pb、Cd、Ni、Cu 和 Zn。共采集了位于乌穆阿希亚州两个住宅区的城市和郊区的废物场的 40 个土壤样本。结果表明，两个地点的重金属浓度趋势如下：Cu > Ni > Zn > Cr > Cd > Pb。农村土壤中重金属的浓度高于城市土壤。两个地点的 Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni 和 Zn 的污染因子（CF）指数均小于 1，表明污染程度较低。两个地点的 Cd 的污染因子（6 > CF）表明污染程度非常高。估计的污染程度（Cdeg）低于 8.0 的下限，表明污染程度较低。Cd 是所有测量重金属中对生态风险贡献最高的元素，其生态风险指数（Er）值为 184.2。城市和农村地区的总潜在生态风险指数分别为 187.1 和 196.1，表明这些地区属于中度风险。城市和农村土壤中成人和儿童的非致癌危害指数（HI）分别为 0.00248、0.0198 和 0.0028、0.0223，均低于可接受限值（HI < 1），表明暴露的居民不太可能遭受任何明显的健康危害。然而，在研究区域中，儿童比成人更容易受到非致癌危害的影响。
