Université de Sfax, Laboratoire de Génie de l'Environnement et Ecotechnologie, GEET-ENIS, Route de Soukra km 4, Po. Box 1173, Sfax 3038, Tunisia.
Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 May 1;871:161963. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161963. Epub 2023 Feb 1.
The treatability of synthetic textile wastewater containing model dyes, such as reactive black and direct black dye (25.0 ± 2.6 mg/L), with chemical oxygen demand (COD, 1000 ± 113 mg/L), ammonia‑nitrogen (NH-N, 140 ± 97 mg/L) and sulphate ions (SO₄, 1357 ± 10.86 mg/L) was investigated in this study using an innovative living membrane bioreactor (LMBR) using an encapsulated self-forming dynamic membrane (ESFDM). The key advantage of ESFDMBR is the self-forming of the biological filtering layer protected between two meshes of inert robust and inexpensive material. A laboratory scale bioreactor (BR) equipped with a filtering unit mounting polyester meshes with a pore size of 30 μm, operated at an influent flux of 30 LMH was thus used. After the formation of the biological living membrane (LM), the treatment significantly reduced COD and DOC concentrations to the average values of 34 ± 10 mg/L and 32 ± 7 mg/L, corresponding to reduction efficiencies of 96.0 ± 1.1 % and 94 ± 1.05 %, respectively. Throughout the LMBR operation, the colours were successfully removed from synthetic textile wastewater with an overall removal efficiency of about 85.0 ± 1.8 and 86.0 ± 1.9 % for direct and reactive dyes, respectively. In addition, the proposed system was also found effective in affording removal efficiency of ammonia (NH) of 97 ± 0.5 %. Finally, this treatment afforded circa 40.7 ± 5.8 % sulphate removal, with a final concentration value of 805 ± 78.61 mg/L. The innovative living membrane, based on an encapsulated self-forming dynamic membrane allows a prolonged containment of the membrane fouling, confirmed by investigating the concentration of membrane fouling precursors and the time-course variations of turbidity and transmembrane pressure (TMP). Those final concentrations of wastewater pollutants were found to be below the limits for admission of the effluents in public sanitation networks in Italy and Tunisia, as representative countries for the regulation in force in Europe and North Africa. In conclusion, due to the low costs of plant and maintenance, the simple applicability, the rapid online implementation, the application of LMBR results in a promising method for the treatment of textile wastewater.
本研究采用一种创新的包埋自形成动态膜（ESFDM）活膜生物反应器（LMBR）处理含模型染料（如活性黑和直接黑染料，浓度分别为 25.0 ± 2.6 mg/L 和 25.0 ± 2.6 mg/L）的合成纺织废水，该废水的化学需氧量（COD，1000 ± 113 mg/L）、氨氮（NH-N，140 ± 97 mg/L）和硫酸盐离子（SO₄，1357 ± 10.86 mg/L）浓度均较高。ESFDMBR 的主要优势在于生物过滤层的自形成，该过滤层由惰性坚固且廉价材料的两个滤网保护。因此，采用实验室规模的生物反应器（BR），该生物反应器配备了过滤单元，其安装的聚酯滤网的孔径为 30 μm，进水通量为 30 LMH。在形成生物活膜（LM）后，处理显著降低了 COD 和 DOC 浓度，平均值分别为 34 ± 10 mg/L 和 32 ± 7 mg/L，相应的去除效率分别为 96.0 ± 1.1%和 94 ± 1.05%。在整个 LMBR 运行过程中，成功地从合成纺织废水中去除了颜色，直接染料和活性染料的整体去除效率分别约为 85.0 ± 1.8%和 86.0 ± 1.9%。此外，该系统还被发现有效去除氨（NH），去除效率为 97 ± 0.5%。最后，这种处理方法可实现约 40.7 ± 5.8%的硫酸盐去除率，最终浓度值为 805 ± 78.61 mg/L。基于包埋自形成动态膜的创新活膜允许长时间保持膜污染的控制，这通过研究膜污染前体的浓度以及浊度和跨膜压力（TMP）的时变变化得到了证实。发现废水中污染物的最终浓度低于意大利和突尼斯等国公共卫生网络排放许可的限值，这两个国家分别代表了欧洲和北非现行法规的情况。总之，由于该工艺的设备和维护成本低、简单适用、快速在线实施，因此 LMBR 的应用为纺织废水的处理提供了一种很有前景的方法。
