Barri Kaveh, Zhang Qianyun, Kline Jake, Lu Wenyun, Luo Jianzhe, Sun Zhe, Taylor Brandon E, Sachs Steven G, Khazanovich Lev, Wang Zhong Lin, Alavi Amir H
Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA.
Adv Mater. 2023 Apr;35(14):e2211027. doi: 10.1002/adma.202211027. Epub 2023 Feb 22.
Creating multifunctional concrete materials with advanced functionalities and mechanical tunability is a critical step toward reimagining the traditional civil infrastructure systems. Here, the concept of nanogenerator-integrated mechanical metamaterial concrete is presented to design lightweight and mechanically tunable concrete systems with energy harvesting and sensing functionalities. The proposed metamaterial concrete systems are created via integrating the mechanical metamaterial and nano-energy-harvesting paradigms. These advanced materials are composed of reinforcement auxetic polymer lattices with snap-through buckling behavior fully embedded inside a conductive cement matrix. We rationally design their composite structures to induce contact-electrification between the layers under mechanical excitations/triggering. The conductive cement enhanced with graphite powder serves as the electrode in the proposed systems, while providing the desired mechanical performance. Experimental studies are conducted to investigate the mechanical and electrical properties of the designed prototypes. The metamaterial concrete systems are tuned to achieve up to 15% compressibility under cycling loading. The power output of the nanogenerator-integrated metamaterial concrete prototypes reaches 330 µW. Furthermore, the self-powered sensing functionality of the nanogenerator concrete systems for distributed health monitoring of large-scale concrete structures is demonstrated. The metamaterial concrete paradigm can possibly enable the design of smart civil infrastructure systems with a broad range of advanced functionalities.
创造具有先进功能和机械可调性的多功能混凝土材料是重塑传统民用基础设施系统的关键一步。在此，提出了集成纳米发电机的机械超材料混凝土的概念，以设计具有能量收集和传感功能的轻质且机械可调的混凝土系统。所提出的超材料混凝土系统是通过整合机械超材料和纳米能量收集范式而创建的。这些先进材料由具有过屈曲行为的增强负泊松比聚合物晶格完全嵌入导电水泥基体中组成。我们合理设计它们的复合结构，以在机械激励/触发下诱导层间的接触起电。用石墨粉增强的导电水泥在所提出的系统中用作电极，同时提供所需的机械性能。进行了实验研究以研究设计原型的机械和电气性能。超材料混凝土系统经过调整，在循环加载下可实现高达15%的压缩性。集成纳米发电机的超材料混凝土原型的功率输出达到330微瓦。此外，还展示了纳米发电机混凝土系统用于大型混凝土结构分布式健康监测的自供电传感功能。超材料混凝土范式可能使设计具有广泛先进功能的智能民用基础设施系统成为可能。
