Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Waste Manag Res. 2023 Aug;41(8):1382-1389. doi: 10.1177/0734242X231151602. Epub 2023 Feb 4.
Disasters occur in both developed and developing countries, generating large amounts of disaster waste including construction and demolition (C&D) waste that needs to be appropriately managed. While developed countries are capable of implementing adequate disaster waste management (DWM) strategies to facilitate their recovery processes, developing countries generally struggle to find the resources and expertise needed to develop such strategies. Lebanon is a developing country vexed by several systemic challenges that hindered its abilities to manage disaster waste. In this paper, we focus on the Beirut Port explosion (4 August 2020), which generated more than 800,000 tonnes of disaster wastes. This study first assesses the executed strategies and identifies their enabling factors and implementation challenges. It then proposes a framework for the proper management of disaster waste, which was validated through 18 in-depth interviews with experts and stakeholders involved in disaster management. Interview notes and transcripts were analyzed using an inductive-deductive process that allowed to identify themes using the constant comparative method. The data revealed that the main barriers toward implementing a successful DWM strategy were the absence of appropriate technologies, infrastructure, expertise, legislative framework and financial resources. The study concludes by proposing a DWM roadmap that includes contingency, risk reduction and implementation plans (IPs) that can enhance decision-making and ease the recovery process.
灾害在发达国家和发展中国家都时有发生，产生了大量的灾害废物，包括建筑和拆除（C&D）废物，这些废物需要进行适当的管理。虽然发达国家有能力实施充分的灾害废物管理（DWM）战略来促进其恢复进程，但发展中国家通常难以找到制定此类战略所需的资源和专业知识。黎巴嫩是一个面临多种系统性挑战的发展中国家，这些挑战阻碍了其管理灾害废物的能力。本文以 2020 年 8 月 4 日的贝鲁特港口爆炸事件（Beirut Port explosion）为例，该事件产生了超过 80 万吨的灾害废物。本研究首先评估了执行的战略，并确定了其促成因素和实施挑战。然后提出了一个灾害废物管理的框架，该框架通过与参与灾害管理的 18 名专家和利益攸关方进行的 18 次深入访谈进行了验证。访谈笔记和记录采用归纳演绎法进行了分析，使用了恒定比较法来确定主题。数据显示，实施成功的 DWM 战略的主要障碍是缺乏适当的技术、基础设施、专业知识、立法框架和财政资源。研究最后提出了一个灾害废物管理路线图，包括应急、风险降低和实施计划（IPs），这些计划可以增强决策能力并简化恢复过程。
