Correlation between sphingomyelin and the membrane stability of mammalian erythrocytes.

Lipid compositions of mammalian erythrocyte membranes are different among species. Therefore, the information on hemolysis from mammalian erythrocytes is useful to understand membrane properties of human erythrocytes. In this work, pressure-induced hemolysis and hypotonic one were examined using erythrocytes of human, sheep, cow, cat, dog, pig, horse, rat, and mouse. Pressure-induced hemolysis was suppressed by membrane sphingomyelin, whereas hypotonic hemolysis decreased upon increment of cell diameter. Mass spectra of erythrocyte membrane lipids demonstrated that sphingomyelin with an acyl chain 24:1 was associated with the suppression of pressure-induced hemolysis. In cow erythrocytes, pressure-induced hemolysis was greatly suppressed and the detachment of cytoskeletal proteins from the membrane under hypotonic conditions was also inhibited. Taken together, these results suggest that sphingomyelin with 24:1 fatty acid plays an important role in the stability of the erythrocyte membrane, perhaps via cholesterol.