Lithovius Raija, Groop Per-Henrik
Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2023 Mar;197:110564. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110564. Epub 2023 Feb 3.
Several disturbed blood pressure (BP) patterns, including disparities between office and out-of-office BP measurements (such as white-coat and masked hypertension), disturbed circadian BP variability (such as abnormal dipping patterns and nocturnal hypertension) and treatment-resistant hypertension, are common in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Consequently, office or home BP measurements alone may not reflect real BP variation and may lead to inadequate diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. The early detection of these disturbed BP patterns is especially crucial in individuals with type 1 diabetes, as these patterns may indicate future development of adverse cardiovascular and renal outcomes. In this review we will describe these disturbed BP patterns and discuss recent findings on their prevalence and outcomes. We will also address critical areas for future research to determine the true prevalence and prognosis of disturbed BP patterns, and to optimize and improve the knowledge and management of high-risk individuals with type 1 diabetes and disturbed BP patterns.
1型糖尿病患者中常见几种血压（BP）异常模式，包括诊室血压与诊室外血压测量值之间的差异（如白大衣高血压和隐匿性高血压）、昼夜血压变异性异常（如异常勺型模式和夜间高血压）以及难治性高血压。因此，仅进行诊室或家庭血压测量可能无法反映真实的血压变化，可能导致高血压诊断和治疗不足。对于1型糖尿病患者而言，早期发现这些血压异常模式尤为关键，因为这些模式可能预示着未来不良心血管和肾脏结局的发生。在本综述中，我们将描述这些血压异常模式，并讨论其患病率和结局的最新研究结果。我们还将探讨未来研究的关键领域，以确定血压异常模式的真实患病率和预后，并优化和改善对1型糖尿病合并血压异常模式的高危个体的认识和管理。
