Kupfer Jeff, Allen Ron, Malagodi E F
University of Florida, USA; University of Colorado (Denver), 1380 Lawrence Street #701, Denver, CO 80204, USA.
University of Florida, USA; Simmons University, Department of Behavior Analysis, 300 Fenway, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Behav Processes. 2023 Mar;206:104841. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2023.104841. Epub 2023 Feb 3.
Three pigeons were exposed to second-order schedules in which responding under a fixed-interval (FI) component schedule was reinforced according to a variable-interval (VI) schedule of food reinforcement. Completion of each component resulted in either (1) brief presentation of a stimulus present during reinforcement (paired brief stimulus), (2) brief presentation of a stimulus not present during reinforcement (nonpaired brief stimulus), or (3) no stimulus presentation (tandem schedule). Under the two nonpaired brief stimulus conditions, either a change in keylight color or onset of houselight illumination was used as the brief stimulus. Similar patterns of keypecking occurred under tandem and nonpaired keylight brief-stimulus presentations, whereas nonpaired houselight brief-stimulus presentations generated positively accelerated within-component keypeck patterning for two pigeons. When the same keylight brief stimulus was paired with food, positively accelerated patterns of keypecking were obtained for all pigeons. Differences in the effects of nonpaired brief-stimulus presentations on second-order schedule performance suggest that component schedule patterning under nonpaired brief-stimulus procedures is a function of the particular type of stimulus used (i.e., houselight versus keylight). These results suggest that (1) brief houselight illumination may function as a sensory reinforcer, and (2) a briefly presented food-paired stimulus can function as an effective conditioned reinforcer.
三只鸽子接受了二阶程序，其中在固定间隔（FI）成分程序下的反应根据食物强化的可变间隔（VI）程序得到强化。每个成分的完成导致以下三种情况之一：（1）强化期间出现的刺激的短暂呈现（配对短暂刺激），（2）强化期间未出现的刺激的短暂呈现（非配对短暂刺激），或（3）无刺激呈现（串联程序）。在两种非配对短暂刺激条件下，按键灯颜色的变化或房灯照明的开始被用作短暂刺激。在串联和非配对按键灯短暂刺激呈现下出现了类似的啄键模式，而对于两只鸽子，非配对房灯短暂刺激呈现产生了成分内啄键模式的正加速。当相同的按键灯短暂刺激与食物配对时，所有鸽子都获得了啄键的正加速模式。非配对短暂刺激呈现对二阶程序表现的影响差异表明，非配对短暂刺激程序下的成分程序模式是所用特定类型刺激（即房灯与按键灯）的函数。这些结果表明：（1）短暂的房灯照明可能起到感觉强化物的作用，（2）短暂呈现的食物配对刺激可以起到有效的条件强化物的作用。
