Chu Ying-Hsia
Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, No. 5, Fuxing Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan.
Surg Pathol Clin. 2023 Mar;16(1):57-73. doi: 10.1016/j.path.2022.09.007. Epub 2022 Dec 10.
This review aims to provide an overview of the molecular pathogenesis thyroid carcinomas, emphasizing genetic alterations that are therapeutically actionable. The main pathways in thyroid carcinogenesis are the MAPK and PI3K pathways. Point mutations and gene rearrangements affecting the pathway effectors and receptor tyrosine kinases are well-known drivers of thyroid cancer. Research over the past few decades has successfully introduced highly effective treatments for unresectable thyroid cancer, evolving from multi-kinase inhibitors to structurally selective agents, with constantly improving toxicity profiles and coverage of resistance mechanisms. The pros and cons of major laboratory techniques for therapeutic target identification are discussed.
本综述旨在概述甲状腺癌的分子发病机制，重点关注具有治疗可行性的基因改变。甲状腺癌发生的主要途径是MAPK和PI3K途径。影响途径效应器和受体酪氨酸激酶的点突变和基因重排是甲状腺癌的已知驱动因素。过去几十年的研究成功地为不可切除的甲状腺癌引入了高效治疗方法，从多激酶抑制剂发展到结构选择性药物，毒性特征和耐药机制覆盖范围不断改善。本文还讨论了用于治疗靶点识别的主要实验室技术的优缺点。
