Center for Health Inclusion, Research and Practice, Department of Nutrition and Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Merrimack College, North Andover, Massachusetts.
Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, East Boston, Massachusetts.
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2023 Jun;123(6):923-932.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2023.01.016. Epub 2023 Feb 3.
More than one-third of children and adolescents consume foods from quick-service restaurants (QSRs) daily, which is associated with an increased risk of diet-related adverse health conditions.
To examine trends in the proximity of top-selling QSR chains to all public schools across the United States between 2006 and 2018 by community-, school-, and student-level characteristics.
This longitudinal study examined changes in the number QSRs between the 2006-2007 and 2017-2018 school years using data from National Center for Education Statistics, Infogroup US Historical Business Data, and the US Department of Agriculture's Economic Research Service.
A mixed-model analysis of variance using census tract as a random effect and accounting for repeated measures by school was used to examine the proximity of QSRs near schools. Models adjusted for demographic characteristics and census tract population density. Data were analyzed in 2021.
During 2006, 9% of schools had QSRs within 400 m, and 25% of schools in the most populated areas had at least one QSR within 400 m. There were more QSRs near schools with a high percentage of poverty (12%), and near schools with high school students with the highest population of Black or African American (16%) and Hispanic or Latino (18%) students. By 2018, the percent of all public schools within 400 m of QSRs increased to 12%. The increase over time was greater near schools with a high percentage of poverty (16%) and near schools with high school students with the highest population of Black or African American students (22%) and Hispanic or Latino (23%) students.
This is the first nationwide study to examine trends in QSR proximity to all public schools. QSRs were most likely to be located near schools with high school students, near schools with a high percentage of poverty, and near schools with a higher proportion of racial and ethnic minority students. Over time, there were greater increases in QSRs near these schools which may have important implications for children's health and diet-related disparities.
超过三分之一的儿童和青少年每天食用快餐连锁店 (QSR) 的食品，这与饮食相关的不良健康状况风险增加有关。
通过社区、学校和学生层面的特征，研究 2006 年至 2018 年期间美国所有公立学校附近最畅销的 QSR 连锁店的分布趋势。
这项纵向研究使用了来自国家教育统计中心、Infogroup US Historical Business Data 和美国农业部经济研究局的数据，分析了 2006-2007 学年和 2017-2018 学年之间 QSR 数量的变化。
采用方差混合模型分析，以普查区为随机效应，并考虑学校的重复测量，以检验 QSR 与学校的接近程度。模型调整了人口特征和普查区人口密度。数据分析于 2021 年进行。
2006 年，9%的学校附近 400 米内有 QSR，人口最多地区的 25%的学校附近 400 米内至少有一家 QSR。在贫困率较高的学校（12%）和高中学生中，黑人和非裔美国人（16%）和西班牙裔或拉丁裔（18%）学生比例较高的学校附近，QSR 更多。到 2018 年，所有公立学校中距离 QSR 400 米以内的比例增加到 12%。随着时间的推移，在贫困率较高的学校（16%）和高中学生中黑人和非裔美国人（22%）和西班牙裔或拉丁裔（23%）学生比例较高的学校附近，这种增长更为明显。
这是第一项全国性研究，旨在研究 QSR 接近所有公立学校的趋势。QSR 最有可能位于高中生附近、贫困率较高的学校附近和种族和族裔少数群体学生比例较高的学校附近。随着时间的推移，这些学校附近的 QSR 数量增加幅度更大，这可能对儿童健康和饮食相关的差异产生重要影响。
