米诺环素联合多西环素的口服、局部和缓释注射制剂对自然感染犬恶丝虫的疗效。
Efficacy of oral, topical and extended-release injectable formulations of moxidectin combined with doxycycline in Dirofilaria immitis naturally infected dogs.
机构信息
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137, Naples, Italy.
Department of Veterinary Medicine Sciences, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
出版信息
Parasit Vectors. 2023 Feb 6;16(1):54. doi: 10.1186/s13071-023-05673-9.
BACKGROUND
Several studies in both experimentally and naturally infected dogs have reported the adulticide effect of a combination of macrocyclic lactones and doxycycline against Dirofilaria immitis, showing that these protocols can be used as an alternative to melarsomine. The present study evaluated the efficacy of oral, topical and extended-release injectable formulations of moxidectin when combined with doxycycline in dogs naturally infected with D. immitis from a shelter located in southern Italy.
METHODS
Thirty dogs with naturally acquired D. immitis infection were divided in three groups (G) and treated with oral moxidectin (G1) once a month for 9 consecutive months, topical moxidectin (G2) once a month for 9 consecutive months or extended release moxidectin injectable (G3) at enrolment and again at 6 months (Day 180). All treatment groups received doxycycline for the first 30 days. Microfilarial concentrations in 1 ml (mff/ml) blood were determined monthly for 9 months with the modified Knott's test. A clinical scoring system was employed for each dog enrolled in the study based on thoracic radiography and cardiac ultrasound (CU) examinations performed at Day - 15 (before treatment) and at Day 180.
RESULTS
Results from the present study suggest that the majority of dogs from all treatment groups became antigen negative, as evaluated at Day 270: 9/10 dogs (90.0%) from G1, 6/10 dogs (60.0%) from G2 and 8/10 dogs (80.0%) from G3. Improvement of radiographic alterations was observed in all treatment groups, and almost all dogs were cleared of pulmonary abnormalities by 6 months from the beginning of treatment (P = 0.000). Cardiac ultrasound examination showed a progressive improvement of cardiac function in a limited number of animals (4/30).
CONCLUSIONS
The combination of doxycycline and three different formulations of moxidectin leads to antigen-negative status in naturally infected dogs.
背景
几项在实验和自然感染犬中进行的研究报告称，大环内酯类药物和强力霉素联合使用具有杀成虫作用，可有效对抗犬恶丝虫，表明这些方案可替代美拉胂醇。本研究评估了在意大利南部收容所自然感染犬恶丝虫的犬中，联合使用强力霉素时，口服、局部和延长释放型注射用莫昔克丁的疗效。
方法
30 只自然感染犬恶丝虫的犬被分为 3 组（G），分别接受口服莫昔克丁（G1）每月 1 次，连续 9 个月；每月 1 次局部莫昔克丁（G2），连续 9 个月；或在入组时和第 6 个月（第 180 天）注射延长释放型莫昔克丁（G3）。所有治疗组在最初 30 天内均接受强力霉素治疗。采用改良 Knott 试验，每月检测 1ml 血液中的微丝蚴浓度（mff/ml），共 9 个月。根据入组犬的胸部 X 线和心脏超声（CU）检查，采用临床评分系统对每只犬进行评估，检查时间分别为第-15 天（治疗前）和第 180 天。
结果
本研究结果表明，大多数治疗组的犬在第 270 天（Day 270）时均转为抗原阴性：G1 组的 10 只犬中有 9 只（90.0%），G2 组的 10 只犬中有 6 只（60.0%），G3 组的 10 只犬中有 8 只（80.0%）。所有治疗组的放射学改变均有改善，几乎所有犬在治疗开始后 6 个月内肺部异常均得到清除（P=0.000）。心脏超声检查显示，少数动物的心脏功能逐渐改善（4/30）。
结论
强力霉素联合三种不同剂型的莫昔克丁可使自然感染犬转为抗原阴性。
Zotero 插件