Longepierre Manon, Widmer Franco, Keller Thomas, Weisskopf Peter, Colombi Tino, Six Johan, Hartmann Martin
Sustainable Agroecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Molecular Ecology, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland.
ISME Commun. 2021 Aug 31;1(1):44. doi: 10.1038/s43705-021-00046-8.
Soil compaction affects many soil functions, but we have little information on the resistance and resilience of soil microorganisms to this disturbance. Here, we present data on the response of soil microbial diversity to a single compaction event and its temporal evolution under different agricultural management systems during four growing seasons. Crop yield was reduced (up to -90%) in the first two seasons after compaction, but mostly recovered in subsequent seasons. Soil compaction increased soil bulk density (+15%), and decreased air permeability (-94%) and gas diffusion (-59%), and those properties did not fully recover within four growing seasons. Soil compaction induced cropping system-dependent shifts in microbial community structures with little resilience over the four growing seasons. Microbial taxa sensitive to soil compaction were detected in all major phyla. Overall, anaerobic prokaryotes and saprotrophic fungi increased in compacted soils, whereas aerobic prokaryotes and plant-associated fungi were mostly negatively affected. Most measured properties showed large spatial variability across the replicated blocks, demonstrating the dependence of compaction effects on initial conditions. This study demonstrates that soil compaction is a disturbance that can have long-lasting effects on soil properties and soil microorganisms, but those effects are not necessarily aligned with changes in crop yield.
土壤压实会影响许多土壤功能，但我们对土壤微生物抵抗和适应这种干扰的能力了解甚少。在此，我们展示了在四个生长季节中，土壤微生物多样性对单次压实事件的响应及其在不同农业管理系统下的时间演变数据。压实后的前两个季节作物产量下降（降幅高达90%），但在随后的季节大多有所恢复。土壤压实增加了土壤容重（+15%），降低了透气率（-94%）和气体扩散率（-59%），且这些性质在四个生长季节内未完全恢复。土壤压实导致微生物群落结构发生依赖于种植系统的变化，在四个生长季节中恢复能力较弱。在所有主要门类中均检测到对土壤压实敏感的微生物类群。总体而言，压实土壤中厌氧原核生物和腐生真菌增加，而好氧原核生物和与植物相关的真菌大多受到负面影响。大多数测量属性在重复样地间表现出较大的空间变异性，表明压实效应依赖于初始条件。本研究表明，土壤压实是一种会对土壤性质和土壤微生物产生长期影响的干扰，但这些影响不一定与作物产量的变化一致。
