Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia.
J Environ Public Health. 2023 Jan 27;2023:1482229. doi: 10.1155/2023/1482229. eCollection 2023.
Water quality change due to industrial pollution is one of the major environmental concerns in developing countries. The majority of industries in Ethiopia release their wastewaters into the nearby water bodies with limited or without any forms of treatment. The main objective of this study was to assess the suitability of Modjo River for irrigation use based on the assessment of salinity, reduced water infiltration rate, specific ion toxicity, and miscellaneous chemicals as water quality-related problems in irrigated agriculture. Water samples were collected from six sampling stations along the river, and the relevant physicochemical parameters were determined in the laboratory by the standard procedures. Besides, the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and irrigation water quality index (IWQI) were determined to evaluate the suitability of the river water for irrigation. Cluster and principal component analyses of the data set were carried out. The results of this study showed that the river water in the vicinity of industries was saline and thus affects sensitive crops. The SAR value varied from 57.6 to 122.3. The concentration of chromium in the lower reaches of the river was also above the standard value of 0.1 mg/L. Among the miscellaneous chemicals, concentration of potassium, carbonate, and bicarbonate at all the sampling stations were above the standard values set by FAO for irrigation use. Based on the computed IWQI of 30.6, Modjo River is in the medium class of suitability for irrigation. Effluents from industrial establishments, namely, tannery, abattoir houses, and poultry farms and domestic waste dumping, were identified as the main sources of water pollution in the study area. Based on the findings of the study, Modjo River water is not suitable for irrigation use without some forms of physical and chemical treatment.
由于工业污染导致的水质变化是发展中国家主要的环境问题之一。埃塞俄比亚的大多数工业企业将其废水有限或未经任何形式的处理就排放到附近的水体中。本研究的主要目的是评估 Modjo 河是否适合灌溉，评估依据是盐分、减少的水渗透速率、特定离子毒性和各种化学物质等与水质相关的问题对灌溉农业的影响。从河流的六个采样站采集水样，并通过标准程序在实验室中确定相关的理化参数。此外，还测定了钠离子吸附比（SAR）和灌溉水质指数（IWQI），以评估河水灌溉的适宜性。对数据集进行了聚类和主成分分析。研究结果表明，靠近工业区的河水呈咸性，因此会影响敏感作物。SAR 值从 57.6 到 122.3 不等。河流下游的铬浓度也超过了 0.1mg/L 的标准值。在各种化学物质中，所有采样站的钾、碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐浓度都高于 FAO 为灌溉制定的标准值。根据计算得出的 30.6 的 IWQI，Modjo 河的灌溉适宜性处于中等水平。工业企业的废水，即制革厂、屠宰场和家禽养殖场以及生活垃圾的倾倒，被确定为研究区域水污染的主要来源。根据研究结果，如果不对河水进行物理和化学处理，Modjo 河的水不适合灌溉使用。
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