Maeffert Jana, Tennhardt Christiane
Gyn-Praxis Nova, Schönhauser Allee 81, 10439, Berlin, Deutschland.
Projekt "Schwangerschaftsabbruch zu Hause", Familienplanungszentrum Balance e. V., Berlin, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2023 Mar;66(3):312-319. doi: 10.1007/s00103-023-03668-6. Epub 2023 Feb 6.
Abortions are commonplace in Germany. For years, the numbers have changed very little, with about 60 abortions per 10,000 women of reproductive age per year. Those affected and the doctors who perform the abortions have to overcome many hurdles imposed on them by legislation (e.g., §§ 218 ff., Pregnancy Conflict Act).This discussion paper presents data and facts on abortion in Germany. In addition, the following questions are answered: What are the reasons for not using contraception? What factors motivate unplanned pregnant women to terminate their pregnancy? What abortion methods are available? What are the hurdles that have to be overcome before an abortion? The legal situation in Germany is described and it is explained how vulnerable groups such as single parents and people with poor German language skills or a low level of education are particularly affected by the challenges that arise. Moreover, in recent years, fewer and fewer doctors are willing to perform abortions. In addition to personal motives, the high effort, and inadequate remuneration, the reasons include dealing with criminal complaints and hostility. As a result, the practices that perform the procedure are rare and difficult to reach for unintentionally pregnant women. The COVID-19 pandemic has further aggravated the situation, especially for vulnerable groups. However, it has been observed that telemedical offers for abortion "at home" gained in popularity.To ensure that unintended pregnant women continue to receive the professional care they need in the future, urgent measures must be taken to reduce the various hurdles.
堕胎在德国很常见。多年来,堕胎数量变化不大,每年每10000名育龄妇女中约有60例堕胎。受影响者和实施堕胎手术的医生必须克服立法(如《德国刑法典》第218条及以下条款,即《怀孕冲突法》)给他们带来的诸多障碍。本讨论文件介绍了德国堕胎的相关数据和事实。此外,还回答了以下问题:不采取避孕措施的原因是什么?哪些因素促使意外怀孕的妇女终止妊娠?有哪些堕胎方法?堕胎前必须克服哪些障碍?文中描述了德国的法律状况,并解释了单亲父母、德语能力差或教育程度低等弱势群体是如何特别受到所出现挑战的影响的。此外,近年来,愿意实施堕胎手术的医生越来越少。除了个人动机、工作量大以及报酬不足外,原因还包括应对刑事指控和敌意。因此,实施堕胎手术的诊所很少,意外怀孕的妇女很难找到。新冠疫情进一步加剧了这种情况,尤其是对弱势群体而言。然而,据观察,“在家”进行堕胎的远程医疗服务越来越受欢迎。为确保意外怀孕的妇女在未来继续获得所需的专业护理,必须采取紧急措施减少各种障碍。