School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
Psychology Clinic of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2023 Jan 2;49(1):123-128. doi: 10.1080/00952990.2022.2164503. Epub 2023 Feb 6.
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by cognitive and adaptive impairment. FASF can be presented or not with sentinel facial features (SFF). The presence of such SFF have been positively correlated with cognitive impairment in children with FASD. The current study explores difference in global intellectual functioning and how cognition affects adaptive behavior in children with and without SFF. A total of 88 children and adolescents (55 males, 33 females) with confirmed FASD diagnosis were included in the study, of which 16 had sentinel facial features. Childrens' neuropsychological functioning was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V) and The Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndromes for Children (BADS-C). Adaptive behavior was explored through the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS-3). Children with SFF performed more poorly in tasks assessing processing speed ( = 2.495, = .020) and executive functioning ( = 4.147, = .001). Those children also had lower IQ scores than children without SFF ( = 2.658, = .016). BADS-C overall scaled score was related to three of the four domains of the ABAS scale (conceptual, social, and practical) but only in the group of FASD children without SFF (B = 0.547, = .020; B = 0.544, = .049; B = 0.431, = .040, respectively). The present study founds poorer cognitive outcomes in children who have FASD with sentinel facial features. In children without SFF, stronger executive functioning is also related to significantly stronger reported conceptual, social, and practical adaptive behaviors. Better understanding of cognitive and adaptive functioning in children with FASD may help in the design of tailored evidenced-based interventions.
胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）是一种以认知和适应功能障碍为特征的神经发育障碍。FASF 可表现出或不表现出哨兵面部特征（SFF）。这种 SFF 的存在与 FASD 儿童的认知障碍呈正相关。本研究探讨了有无 SFF 的儿童的整体智力功能差异以及认知如何影响适应行为。共有 88 名患有确诊 FASD 的儿童和青少年（55 名男性，33 名女性）纳入了这项研究，其中 16 名有哨兵面部特征。儿童的神经心理功能使用韦氏儿童智力量表（WISC-V）和儿童执行功能障碍行为评估量表（BADS-C）进行评估。通过适应性行为评估系统（ABAS-3）探索适应性行为。有 SFF 的儿童在评估处理速度的任务中表现更差（ = 2.495， = .020）和执行功能（ = 4.147， = .001）。这些儿童的智商得分也低于没有 SFF 的儿童（ = 2.658， = .016）。BADS-C 总体得分与 ABAS 量表的四个领域中的三个领域（概念、社会和实践）相关，但仅在没有 SFF 的 FASD 儿童组中相关（B = 0.547， = .020；B = 0.544， = .049；B = 0.431， = .040）。本研究发现，有哨兵面部特征的 FASD 儿童的认知结果更差。在没有 SFF 的儿童中，较强的执行功能也与报告的概念、社会和实践适应性行为显著增强相关。更好地了解 FASD 儿童的认知和适应功能可能有助于设计有针对性的循证干预措施。
