Buechler Rebecca, Parsons Hannah, Miller Ashley, Clayton Joshua L
University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine.
S D Med. 2022 Aug;75(suppl 8):s20.
Emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant raised concern for greater transmissibility and severity of illness compared to the Alpha variant. Our objective was to compare SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough cases in South Dakota during the time periods where the Alpha and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 predominated.
Data were obtained from the South Dakota Department of Health's electronic disease surveillance system and South Dakota's Health Information Exchange. SARS-CoV-2 cases were matched with the immunization system data to verify vaccination status of vaccine breakthrough cases (VBC). The Alpha variant time-period (ATP) was defined as April 15-May 10, 2021 and the Delta variant time-period (DTP) as July 18-31, 2021. Case rates, demographics, risk factors, symptomology, and outcomes were compared for VBC during these periods.
A total of 155 VBC were reported during the ATP and 153 during the DTP. The rate of SARS-CoV-2 VBC was 1.88 times higher for the DTP than the ATP. VBC during the ATP were more likely to present with no symptoms and during the DTP were more likely to present with subjective fever, cough, headache, loss or altered smell/taste, congestion, or postnasal drip. The average hospital length of stay was 6 days for the ATP and 4 days for the DTP. A total of 5 deaths were reported during the ATP compared to 1 death during the DTP. The non-statistically significant relation of the ATP and the DTP for hospital length of stay and number of deaths indicated a similar severity of disease.
In fully vaccinated South Dakotans, the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant was shown to cause 1.88 times higher breakthrough cases but resulted in similar severity of illness compared to the Alpha variant.
与阿尔法变异株相比，严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）德尔塔变异株的出现引发了人们对其更高传播性和疾病严重程度的担忧。我们的目的是比较在SARS-CoV-2阿尔法变异株和德尔塔变异株占主导的时间段内，南达科他州的SARS-CoV-2疫苗突破性病例。
数据来自南达科他州卫生部的电子疾病监测系统和南达科他州的健康信息交换中心。将SARS-CoV-2病例与免疫接种系统数据进行匹配，以核实疫苗突破性病例（VBC）的疫苗接种状况。阿尔法变异株时间段（ATP）定义为2021年4月15日至5月10日，德尔塔变异株时间段（DTP）定义为2021年7月18日至31日。比较了这两个时间段内VBC的发病率、人口统计学特征、风险因素、症状和结局。
ATP期间共报告了155例VBC，DTP期间报告了153例。SARS-CoV-2 VBC的发病率在DTP期间比ATP期间高1.88倍。ATP期间的VBC更可能无症状，而DTP期间的VBC更可能出现主观发热、咳嗽、头痛、嗅觉或味觉丧失或改变、鼻塞或鼻后滴漏。ATP期间的平均住院时间为6天，DTP期间为4天。ATP期间共报告5例死亡，DTP期间报告1例死亡。ATP和DTP在住院时间和死亡人数方面的非统计学显著关系表明疾病严重程度相似。
在完全接种疫苗的南达科他州人中，SARS-CoV-2德尔塔变异株导致的突破性病例比阿尔法变异株高1.88倍，但疾病严重程度相似。
