Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Department of Microbiology, Quaid I Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev. 2024 Dec;40(4):3270-3304. doi: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2122288. Epub 2023 Feb 6.
Biochar is the thermal degradation product of biomass generated in an oxygen-limited environment under different pyrolysis conditions. Biochar characteristics are functions of the feedstock material and pyrolysis temperature. Depending on pyrolysis conditions biochar concentrates varying quantities of recalcitrant and labile carbon along with nutrients which in turn affect soil physiochemical properties and microbial processes. Biochar in soil balances carbon content encourages nitrogen fixation and solubilize phosphorus along with enhancing soil enzyme activity. It serves as a microhabitat for microorganisms present in soil thus influences the diversity, composition, and distribution of soil microbial communities by affecting their intra- and interspecific communication. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge about biochar characteristics, its interactions with soil, and associated biota and its role in soil remediation. In addition, this paper also discussed the factors affecting the capacity of biochar to adsorb organic pollutants following different mechanisms. Being an effective adsorbent due its high specific surface area, large porosity, and numerous surface functional groups biochar has been explored extensively in field of environment to remediate contaminated soils.
生物炭是在不同热解条件下，在有限氧气环境中生物质热解产生的热解产物。生物炭的特性是生物质原料和热解温度的函数。根据热解条件，生物炭浓缩了不同数量的难降解和易降解碳以及养分，这反过来又影响土壤理化性质和微生物过程。土壤中的生物炭平衡碳含量，促进氮固定和磷溶解，同时提高土壤酶活性。它为土壤中存在的微生物提供了一个小生境，从而通过影响它们的种内和种间交流来影响土壤微生物群落的多样性、组成和分布。本文综述了生物炭特性、与土壤相互作用以及相关生物区系及其在土壤修复中的作用的最新知识。此外，本文还讨论了影响生物炭通过不同机制吸附有机污染物能力的因素。由于具有高比表面积、大孔隙率和众多表面官能团，生物炭作为一种有效的吸附剂，在环境领域中被广泛用于修复污染土壤。
