[2019 - 2021年中国2至5岁儿童的膳食微量营养素摄入量]
[Dietary micronutrient intake of children aged 2-5 years in China in 2019-2021].
作者信息
Guo Linxiao, Pang Xuehong, Duan Yifan, Zhang Qian, Wang Yuying, Wang Shuo, Li Ruili, Fu Pengyu, Zhao Lu, Chen Yuzhu, Guo Shuling, Yang Zhenyu, Zhao Wenhua
机构信息
National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory of Human Milk Science, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100081, China.
出版信息
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2023 Jan;52(1):60-66. doi: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2023.01.011.
OBJECTIVE
To describe dietary intake of calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, vitamin A, vitamin B_1, vitamin B_2 and vitamin C and compare the intake between urban and rural areas among preschool children aged 2-5 years based on the data from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for Children 0-17 Years of Age in China.
METHODS
Children from 14 provinces were selected by multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling, and the dietary data of preschool children aged 2-5 years were recorded using the 3 day 24-hour weighted food records method. SAS 9.4 was used to calculate dietary intake of these micronutrients based on the Chinese Food Composition Table and to compare the intake between urban and rural areas. The risk of insufficient or excessive intake of micronutrients among Chinese children aged 2-5 years was assessed according to the Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes(DRIs) 2013 edition.
RESULTS
A total of 820 children aged 2 to 5 years were selected. The median daily dietary calcium intake of children aged 2-5 years in China was 433.7, 338.9, 356.4 and 347.4 mg, respectively. The median daily dietary intake of vitamin B_1 of children aged 2-5 years was 0.5 mg for all age groups. The median daily dietary vitamin B_2 intake of children aged 2-5 years was 0.7, 0.6, 0.6 and 0.6 mg, respectively. The median daily dietary intake of vitamin C of children aged 2-5 years was 37.9, 37.4, 44.0 and 40.0 mg, respectively. The median daily dietary selenium intake of children aged 2-5 years was 17.1, 20.5, 22.7 and 22.3 μg, respectively. Dietary calcium intake for aged 2-5 years, dietary vitamin B_2 intake for aged 2-4 years, dietary iron, selenium, zinc and vitamin B_1 intake for aged 2-3 years was significantly greater in urban children than rural children. Among all nutrients, the proportion of dietary calcium intakes below the estimated average requirement(EAR) was the highest in aged 2-5 years(61.4%, 76.4%, 91.4% and 91.5%, respectively). The proportions of dietary vitamin B_1, vitamin C and selenium intake lower than EAR of children aged 2-5 years in China were 52.4%-63.2%, 42.8%-50.2% and 46.6%-58.7%, respectively.
COUCLUSION
The dietary calcium intake of children aged 2-5 years in China remains insufficient for these children, especially for rural children. Dietary vitamin B_1, vitamin C and selenium intake should be improved.
目的
基于中国0-17岁儿童营养与健康状况系统调查的数据，描述2-5岁学龄前儿童钙、铁、锌、硒、维生素A、维生素B₁、维生素B₂和维生素C的膳食摄入量，并比较城乡地区之间的摄入量。
方法
通过多阶段分层随机整群抽样从14个省份选取儿童，采用3天24小时食物称重记录法记录2-5岁学龄前儿童的膳食数据。使用SAS 9.4根据《中国食物成分表》计算这些微量营养素的膳食摄入量，并比较城乡地区的摄入量。根据2013版《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》评估中国2-5岁儿童微量营养素摄入不足或过量的风险。
结果
共选取820名2-5岁儿童。中国2-5岁儿童每日膳食钙摄入量中位数分别为433.7、338.9、356.4和347.4毫克。各年龄组2-5岁儿童每日膳食维生素B₁摄入量中位数均为0.5毫克。2-5岁儿童每日膳食维生素B₂摄入量中位数分别为0.7、0.6、0.6和0.6毫克。2-5岁儿童每日膳食维生素C摄入量中位数分别为37.9、37.4、44.0和40.0毫克。2-5岁儿童每日膳食硒摄入量中位数分别为17.1、20.5、22.7和22.3微克。2-5岁儿童的膳食钙摄入量、2-4岁儿童的膳食维生素B₂摄入量、2-3岁儿童的膳食铁、硒、锌和维生素B₁摄入量，城市儿童显著高于农村儿童。在所有营养素中，2-5岁儿童膳食钙摄入量低于估计平均需求量（EAR）的比例最高（分别为61.4%、76.4%、91.4%和91.5%）。中国2-5岁儿童膳食维生素B₁、维生素C和硒摄入量低于EAR的比例分别为52.4%-63.2%、42.8%-50.2%和46.6%-58.7%。
结论
中国2-5岁儿童的膳食钙摄入量仍然不足，尤其是农村儿童。膳食维生素B₁、维生素C和硒的摄入量有待提高。
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