Wang Yiting, Chai Jiali, Li Yifei, Li Qingmeng, Du Jiakai, Chen Zhiyuan, Wang Longzhen, Tang Bohejin
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, PR China.
Dalton Trans. 2023 Feb 28;52(9):2548-2560. doi: 10.1039/d3dt00008g.
Room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries (RT-Na/S batteries) with high reversible capacity (1675 mA h g) and excellent energy density (1274 W h kg) based on abundant resources of the metal Na have become a research hotspot recently. However, the intermediate product sodium polysulfides (NaPSs) generated during the charge-discharge process are easily dissolved in the ether electrolyte and transferred from the sulfur cathode to the metallic sodium surface, resulting in rapid capacity decay (shuttle effect), which seriously affects the practical application of RT-Na/S batteries. Herein, the mechanism and recent research progress in suppressing the shuttle effect of the sulfur cathode in RT-Na/S batteries are summarized. Strategies such as carbon-based materials physically fixing NaPSs, polar materials absorbing NaPSs to reduce their dissolution, and catalytic materials accelerating the transformation of NaPSs into final products are provided. Challenges and insights into high-performance sulfur electrodes for optimizing RT-Na/S batteries are discussed.
基于金属钠资源丰富，具有高可逆容量（1675 mA h g）和优异能量密度（1274 W h kg）的室温钠硫电池（RT-Na/S电池）近来成为研究热点。然而，充放电过程中产生的中间产物多硫化钠（NaPSs）易溶于醚类电解质，并从硫阴极转移至金属钠表面，导致容量快速衰减（穿梭效应），这严重影响了RT-Na/S电池的实际应用。在此，总结了抑制RT-Na/S电池中硫阴极穿梭效应的机理及近期研究进展。提供了诸如碳基材料物理固定NaPSs、极性材料吸收NaPSs以降低其溶解性，以及催化材料加速NaPSs转化为最终产物等策略。讨论了优化RT-Na/S电池高性能硫电极面临的挑战与见解。
