Bye Lydia J, Finol-Urdaneta Rocio K, Tae Han-Shen, Adams David J
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia.
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia.
Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2023 Apr;157:106387. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106387. Epub 2023 Feb 6.
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are master regulators of immune functions via the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and are expressed in microglia, the brain's resident immune cells. There is an extensive dialogue between the neurons and the glial cells around them from which microglia are tasked with monitoring, nurturing, and defending their microenvironment. Dysregulation of any of these processes can have devastating and long-lasting consequences involving microglia-mediated neuroinflammation associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, amongst others. Disease-associated microglia acquire a distinguishing phenotype that emphasizes scavenging and defence functions while nurturing and repairing functions become muted. Attempts to resolve this critical imbalance remain a key focus of research. Furthermore, cholinergic modulation of neuroinflammation represents a promising avenue for treatment.
烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体（nAChRs）是通过胆碱能抗炎途径对免疫功能起主要调节作用的受体，并且在小胶质细胞（大脑中的常驻免疫细胞）中表达。神经元与其周围的胶质细胞之间存在广泛的交流，小胶质细胞的任务是监测、滋养和保护其微环境。这些过程中任何一个的失调都可能产生毁灭性的长期后果，涉及与阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和亨廷顿病等神经退行性疾病相关的小胶质细胞介导的神经炎症。与疾病相关的小胶质细胞获得一种独特的表型，这种表型强调清除和防御功能，而滋养和修复功能则被减弱。解决这一关键失衡问题的尝试仍然是研究的重点。此外，对神经炎症的胆碱能调节是一个有前景的治疗途径。
