癌症表型可塑性的新形式:免疫模拟。

Newly identified form of phenotypic plasticity of cancer: immunogenic mimicry.

机构信息

Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.

Departments of Pathology, Oncology and Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.

出版信息

Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2023 Mar;42(1):323-334. doi: 10.1007/s10555-023-10087-1. Epub 2023 Feb 8.

Abstract

Cancer plasticity is now a recognized new hallmark of cancer which is due to disturbances of cell differentiation programs. It is manifested not only in various forms like the best-known epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) but also in vasculogenic and megakaryocytic mimicries regulated by EMT-specific or less-specific transcription factors such as HIF1a or STAT1/2. Studies in the past decades provided ample data that cancer plasticity can be manifested also in the expression of a vast array of immune cell genes; best-known examples are PDL1/CD274, CD47, or IDO, and we termed it immunogenic mimicry (IGM). However, unlike other types of plasticities which are epigenetically regulated, expression of IGM genes are frequently due to gene amplifications. It is important that the majority of the IGM genes are regulated by interferons (IFNs) suggesting that their protein expressions are regulated by the immune microenvironment. Most of the IGM genes have been shown to be involved in immune escape of cancers broadening the repertoire of these mechanisms and offering novel targets for immunotherapeutics.

摘要

癌症的可塑性现在被认为是癌症的一个新特征标志,这是由于细胞分化程序的紊乱导致的。它不仅表现在各种形式中,如众所周知的上皮-间充质转化(EMT),还表现在由 EMT 特异性或非特异性转录因子(如 HIF1a 或 STAT1/2)调节的血管生成和巨核细胞模拟中。过去几十年的研究提供了大量数据,表明癌症的可塑性也可以表现在大量免疫细胞基因的表达上;最著名的例子是 PDL1/CD274、CD47 或 IDO,我们称之为免疫模拟(IGM)。然而,与其他类型的可塑性不同,IGM 基因的表达通常是由于基因扩增所致。重要的是,大多数 IGM 基因受干扰素(IFNs)调控,这表明它们的蛋白表达受免疫微环境调控。大多数 IGM 基因已被证明参与癌症的免疫逃逸,拓宽了这些机制的范围,并为免疫治疗提供了新的靶点。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4f22/10014767/586990724f89/10555_2023_10087_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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