Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRAE, LESSEM, St-Martin-d'Hères, France.
Office National des Forêts, Département Recherche Développement Innovation, Direction Territoriale Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dole, France.
Glob Chang Biol. 2023 May;29(10):2836-2851. doi: 10.1111/gcb.16630. Epub 2023 Mar 10.
With climate change, natural disturbances such as storm or fire are reshuffled, inducing pervasive shifts in forest dynamics. To predict how it will impact forest structure and composition, it is crucial to understand how tree species differ in their sensitivity to disturbances. In this study, we investigated how functional traits and species mean climate affect their sensitivity to disturbances while controlling for tree size and stand structure. With data on 130,594 trees located on 7617 plots that were disturbed by storm, fire, snow, biotic or other disturbances from the French, Spanish, and Finnish National Forest Inventory, we modeled annual mortality probability for 40 European tree species as a function of tree size, dominance status, disturbance type, and intensity. We tested the correlation of our estimated species probability of disturbance mortality with their traits and their mean climate niches. We found that different trait combinations controlled species sensitivity to disturbances. Storm-sensitive species had a high height-dbh ratio, low wood density and high maximum growth, while fire-sensitive species had low bark thickness and high P50. Species from warmer and drier climates, where fires are more frequent, were more resistant to fire. The ranking in disturbance sensitivity between species was overall consistent across disturbance types. Productive conifer species were the most disturbance sensitive, while Mediterranean oaks were the least disturbance sensitive. Our study identified key relations between species functional traits and disturbance sensitivity, that allows more reliable predictions of how changing climate and disturbance regimes will impact future forest structure and species composition at large spatial scales.
随着气候变化，风暴或火灾等自然干扰因素正在重新组合，导致森林动态发生普遍变化。为了预测气候变化将如何影响森林结构和组成，了解树种对干扰的敏感性差异至关重要。在这项研究中，我们调查了功能性状和物种平均气候如何在控制树木大小和林分结构的情况下影响它们对干扰的敏感性。我们利用来自法国、西班牙和芬兰国家森林清查的数据，这些数据涉及 7617 个样地的 130594 棵受风暴、火灾、雪、生物或其他干扰影响的树木，我们建立了 40 个欧洲树种的年死亡率概率模型，作为树木大小、优势地位、干扰类型和强度的函数。我们测试了我们估计的物种受干扰死亡率的概率与它们的性状和平均气候生态位之间的相关性。我们发现，不同的性状组合控制着物种对干扰的敏感性。对风暴敏感的物种具有较高的树高-胸径比、较低的木材密度和较高的最大生长量，而对火灾敏感的物种具有较低的树皮厚度和较高的 P50。来自气候温暖干燥、火灾更频繁的地区的物种对火灾的抵抗力更强。在不同干扰类型下，物种对干扰的敏感性排序总体上是一致的。生产力较高的针叶树种对干扰最敏感，而地中海栎则对干扰最不敏感。我们的研究确定了物种功能性状和干扰敏感性之间的关键关系，这使得我们能够更可靠地预测气候变化和干扰机制如何在大空间尺度上影响未来的森林结构和物种组成。
