磷酸肌醇 3-激酶驱动的 NET 形成涉及不同的同工型和信号伙伴,具体取决于刺激。

Phosphoinositol 3-kinase-driven NET formation involves different isoforms and signaling partners depending on the stimulus.

机构信息

Pulmonary Division, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrook and Centre de recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.

Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.

出版信息

Front Immunol. 2023 Jan 24;14:1042686. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1042686. eCollection 2023.

Abstract

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) serve to immobilize and kill pathogens, but also can contribute to the progression of several inflammatory and auto-immune diseases, as well as cancer. Whence the importance of elucidating the mechanisms underlying NET formation. In this regard, the PI3K signaling pathway has been shown to be crucial; yet little is known about which of its components are involved. Here, we identified the PI3K isoforms and associated signaling partners that are mobilized in response to different classes of physiological NET inducers (inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, chemoattractants). NET generation was assessed by microscopy and signalling molecule activation by immunoblot using phospho-antibodies. Across the various stimuli, PI3Kα and PI3Kγ isoforms clearly contributed to NET induction, while the participation of other isoforms was stimulus-dependent. Some PI3K isoforms were also found to signal through Akt, the canonical downstream effector of PI3K, while others did not. Downstream of PI3K, mTOR and PLCγ2 were used by all stimuli to control NET generation. Conversely, the involvement of other kinases depended on the stimulus - both TNFα and GM-CSF relied on PDK1 and Akt; and both TNFα and fMLP additionally used S6K. We further established that all PI3K isoforms and downstream effectors act belatedly in NET generation, as reported previously for PI3K. Finally, we revisited the PI3K-PDK1-Akt signaling hierarchy in human neutrophils and again found stimulus-dependent differences. Our data uncover unsuspected complexity and redundancy in the signaling machinery controlling NET formation through the all-important PI3K pathway. Conserved signaling molecules represent therapeutic targets for pathologies involving NETs and in this regard, the existence of drugs currently used in the clinic or undergoing clinical trials (which target PI3K isoforms, mTOR or Akt), underscores the translational potential of our findings.

摘要

中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(NETs)可用于固定和杀死病原体,但也可导致几种炎症和自身免疫性疾病以及癌症的进展。因此,阐明 NET 形成的机制非常重要。在这方面,PI3K 信号通路已被证明是至关重要的;然而,人们对其参与的成分知之甚少。在这里,我们确定了响应不同生理 NET 诱导剂(炎性细胞因子、生长因子、趋化因子)时被动员的 PI3K 同工型及其相关信号伙伴。通过显微镜评估 NET 的产生,并使用磷酸化抗体通过免疫印迹评估信号分子的激活。在各种刺激物中,PI3Kα 和 PI3Kγ 同工型显然有助于 NET 的诱导,而其他同工型的参与则取决于刺激物。一些 PI3K 同工型也被发现通过 Akt 信号转导,Akt 是 PI3K 的典型下游效应物,而其他同工型则没有。PI3K 下游,mTOR 和 PLCγ2 被所有刺激物用于控制 NET 的产生。相反,其他激酶的参与取决于刺激物 - TNFα 和 GM-CSF 均依赖于 PDK1 和 Akt;而 TNFα 和 fMLP 还额外使用了 S6K。我们进一步确定,所有 PI3K 同工型和下游效应物在 NET 的产生中都延迟作用,这与之前报道的 PI3K 情况相同。最后,我们重新研究了人中性粒细胞中的 PI3K-PDK1-Akt 信号级联,再次发现了刺激依赖性差异。我们的数据揭示了控制 NET 形成的信号机制中出乎意料的复杂性和冗余性,这对于通过至关重要的 PI3K 途径的病理学非常重要。保守的信号分子代表涉及 NET 的病理学的治疗靶标,在这方面,目前在临床上使用或正在进行临床试验的药物(针对 PI3K 同工型、mTOR 或 Akt)的存在,突显了我们研究结果的转化潜力。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6175/9904237/f9ad56f3ec84/fimmu-14-1042686-g001.jpg

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