Lozano Alfredo Perez, Lasso-Alcalá Oscar M, Bittencourt Pedro S, Taphorn Donald C, Perez Nayibe, Farias Izeni Pires
Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió, Brazil Universidade Federal de Alagoas Maceió Brazil.
Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales (MHNLS), Caracas, Venezuela Museo de Historia Natural La Salle Caracas Venezuela.
Zookeys. 2022 Jul 18;1113:111-152. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.1113.81240. eCollection 2022.
Based on morphological and molecular analysis of species, a new species is described from the Orinoco River and Gulf of Paria basins in Venezuela and Colombia. Morphologically, it differs from and in pre-orbital depth, caudal peduncle depth, head width, and caudal peduncle length, with significant differences in average percentage values. Osteologically, it differs from the two described species by lacking a hypurapophysis on the parahypural bone (hypural complex) and having two or three supraneural bones. Another characteristic that helps diagnose the new species is the morphology of the sagitta otolith, which is oval with crenulated dorsal and ventral margins and a rounded posterior edge. Genetically, the new species is distinct from all the other lineages previously proposed for the genus, delimited by five single locus species delimitation methods, and also has unique diagnostic nucleotides. Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of the new species as well as all other species/lineages. species have considerable genetic, anatomical, and sagitta otolith shape differences, but have few significant traditional morphometric and meristic differences, because there is high variability in counts of spines, soft dorsal-fin rays, and lateral-line scales. It is clear that this new species is genetically and anatomically differentiated from all other species within the genus, and deserves recognition as a new valid species.
基于对物种的形态学和分子分析，在委内瑞拉和哥伦比亚的奥里诺科河及帕里亚湾流域描述了一个新物种。在形态上，它在眶前深度、尾柄深度、头宽和尾柄长度方面与其他物种不同，平均百分比值存在显著差异。在骨骼学上，它与已描述的两个物种不同，副尾下骨（尾下骨复合体）上没有尾下突，且有两到三块上神经骨。另一个有助于诊断该新物种的特征是矢耳石的形态，其呈椭圆形，背缘和腹缘有细齿，后缘圆润。在基因方面，该新物种与之前为该属提出的所有其他谱系不同，通过五种单基因座物种界定方法界定，并且具有独特的诊断性核苷酸。系统发育分析支持新物种以及所有其他物种/谱系的单系性。该属物种在遗传、解剖和矢耳石形状上有相当大的差异，但传统形态测量和可数性状差异不大，因为棘、软背鳍条和侧线鳞的数量存在很大变异性。显然，这个新物种在遗传和解剖上与该属内的所有其他物种都有区别，值得被认可为一个新的有效物种。
