Lee Sunho, Lee Wanhyung
Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea.
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
Tob Induc Dis. 2023 Jan 30;21:15. doi: 10.18332/tid/157209. eCollection 2023.
Direct and indirect smoking exposure is highly related to mental health in children. This study aimed to identify the association between exposure to smoking or secondhand smoke (SHS) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
We used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2007 to 2019, including variables such as diagnosed ADHD, smoking status, SHS, and urine cotinine levels among children and adolescents. We estimated the risk of ADHD according to smoking or SHS exposure in various exposure groups using adjusted logistic or linear regression models.
Among 16434 participants, 133 children were diagnosed with ADHD (0.8%). Of these, 58 (43.6%) were aged <12 years and 75 (56.3%) were aged ≥12 years. Smoking was significantly associated with ADHD (crude odds ratio, OR=1.48; 95% CI: 1.14-3.26 and adjusted odds ratio, AOR=1.22; 95% CI: 1.02- 1.64). SHS exposure and ADHD were attenuated after adjustment (OR=2.42; 95% CI: 1.08-4.02; AOR=1.42; 95% CI: 0.86-2.64) in the logistic regression model. Smoking history was statistically associated with a younger age of ADHD diagnosis in the linear regression model.
Smoking and the amount of smoking among children and adolescents was associated with ADHD.
儿童直接和间接吸烟暴露与心理健康高度相关。本研究旨在确定吸烟或二手烟暴露与注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）之间的关联。
我们使用了2007年至2019年韩国国家健康与营养检查调查（KNHANES）的数据，包括儿童和青少年中确诊的ADHD、吸烟状况、二手烟暴露和尿可替宁水平等变量。我们使用调整后的逻辑回归或线性回归模型估计了不同暴露组中吸烟或二手烟暴露导致ADHD的风险。
在16434名参与者中，133名儿童被诊断为ADHD（0.8%）。其中，58名（43.6%）年龄<12岁，75名（56.3%）年龄≥12岁。吸烟与ADHD显著相关（粗比值比，OR = 1.48；95%可信区间：1.14 - 3.26；调整后比值比，AOR = 1.22；95%可信区间：1.02 - 1.64）。在逻辑回归模型中，调整后二手烟暴露与ADHD的关联减弱（OR = 2.42；95%可信区间：1.08 - 4.02；AOR = 1.42；95%可信区间：0.86 - 2.64）。在直线回归模型中，吸烟史与ADHD诊断年龄较小存在统计学关联。
儿童和青少年吸烟及吸烟量与ADHD有关。
