Yang Jingwei, Huang Yilong, Liu Xuepeng, Jing Ruiying, Liu Chang
Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Water Affairs Big Data and Water Ecology, Shenzhen, 518001, People's Republic of China.
Shenzhen Water Planning & Design Institute Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518001, People's Republic of China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Apr;30(17):49097-49107. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-25773-4. Epub 2023 Feb 10.
Compared with the aquatic ecosystem destruction caused by rapid urban development, substantial ecological restoration usually requires long periods and is a challenging process. Although river ecological restoration has been successful in different regions, the relationship between biodiversity, water quality, and effective measures applicable to developing countries remains poorly understood. This study was conducted in the Dasha River in Shenzhen city, one of the fastest-growing cities in China. The rehabilitation measures were sorted out in four phases to study the impact on water quality and biodiversity. In response, three campaigns were carried out to take phytoplankton, zooplankton, and benthos samples within the last three engineering stages, in 2007, 2012, and 2021. Synchronized investigations of water quality were conducted monthly from 2006 to 2021. Our analysis showed that the biodiversity of benthos has improved in recent years, which marks a turnaround for the aquatic ecological environment. According to the Hilsenhoff family biotic index (FBI), the water quality level in the 2021 campaign was promoted to "Good" in the downstream and "Fair" in the upper and middle streams. By analyzing Pearson's correlations between response ratios of water quality parameters and the Shannon-Wiener index of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and benthos, we concluded that biodiversity is significantly related to water quality. Specifically, the biodiversity of zooplankton is associated with ammonia nitrogen (NH-N) (R = - 0.77, P < 0.05), and benthos diversity is strongly negatively correlated with NH-N, total nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, and biochemical oxygen demand (R ≥ -0.82, P < 0.01). Despite the temporary negative impact of along-river interception on aquatic organisms in the campaign of 2012, the measures quickly and effectively improved water quality, which is the foundation for biodiversity improvement in 2021. This study provides insights into relationships among biodiversity, water quality, and regulation projects and can offer a reference for selecting aquatic ecosystem restoration measures in developing areas.
与快速的城市发展所造成的水生生态系统破坏相比，大规模的生态恢复通常需要很长时间，而且是一个具有挑战性的过程。尽管河流生态恢复在不同地区已取得成功，但生物多样性、水质以及适用于发展中国家的有效措施之间的关系仍鲜为人知。本研究在深圳市的大沙河开展，深圳是中国发展最快的城市之一。恢复措施分为四个阶段进行梳理，以研究其对水质和生物多样性的影响。为此，在2007年、2012年和2021年的最后三个工程阶段开展了三次活动，采集浮游植物、浮游动物和底栖生物样本。2006年至2021年每月同步进行水质调查。我们的分析表明，近年来底栖生物的生物多样性有所改善，这标志着水生生态环境的好转。根据希尔森霍夫生物指数（FBI），2021年活动中的水质水平在下游提升至“良好”，在上游和中游为“中等”。通过分析水质参数响应比与浮游植物、浮游动物和底栖生物的香农-维纳指数之间的皮尔逊相关性，我们得出生物多样性与水质显著相关的结论。具体而言，浮游动物的生物多样性与氨氮（NH-N）相关（R = -0.77，P < 0.05），底栖生物多样性与氨氮、总氮、化学需氧量和生化需氧量呈强烈负相关（R ≥ -0.82，P < 0.01）。尽管2012年活动中的沿河截流对水生生物产生了暂时的负面影响，但这些措施迅速有效地改善了水质，这是2021年生物多样性改善的基础。本研究深入探讨了生物多样性、水质和治理项目之间的关系，可为发展中地区选择水生生态系统恢复措施提供参考。
