Lam Hui Kwan Nicholas, Sproule John, Turner Anthony P, Murgatroyd Paul, Gristwood Graham, Richards Hugh, Phillips Shaun M
Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, Human Performance Science Research Group, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
British Orienteering, University of Lincoln, UK.
J Sports Sci. 2022 Dec;40(23):2595-2607. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2177027. Epub 2023 Feb 10.
Orienteering is an outdoor activity wherein participants use a map and compass to locate control points and choose the quickest path to the next control point in a natural environment. Attentional focus, rapid decision-making, and high aerobic fitness may influence orienteering performance. Therefore, this research aimed to seek international orienteering expert consensus regarding the definition, development, causes, influences and methods to reduce mental fatigue (MF) in orienteering based on practical experience. Following ethical approval, a three-round Delphi survey was conducted online with twenty-four orienteering coaches and athletes (or former athletes) from 10 different countries with international orienteering competition experience. The threshold of consensus was ≥ 70% agreement among respondents. The experts agreed that MF exists in daily life and orienteering with a substantial negative effect on their conscious decision-making performance and psychological responses. The experts disagreed that the form of MF that athletes experienced in orienteering training are similar to the competition. However, there was no agreement that MF would impact endurance and high-speed running performance during orienteering. This research refines the definition of MF and summarises the distinctions in what causes MF in orienteering training and competition, implying that MF should be addressed separately.
定向越野是一项户外活动，参与者在自然环境中使用地图和指南针来寻找控制点，并选择前往下一个控制点的最快路径。注意力集中、快速决策和高有氧适能可能会影响定向越野表现。因此，本研究旨在基于实践经验，就定向越野中精神疲劳（MF）的定义、发展、成因、影响及减轻方法寻求国际定向越野专家的共识。在获得伦理批准后，对来自10个不同国家、有国际定向越野比赛经验的24名定向越野教练和运动员（或前运动员）进行了三轮在线德尔菲调查。共识阈值为受访者中≥70%的人达成一致。专家们一致认为，精神疲劳存在于日常生活和定向越野中，对他们的有意识决策表现和心理反应有很大的负面影响。专家们不同意运动员在定向越野训练中所经历的精神疲劳形式与比赛中的相似。然而，对于精神疲劳是否会影响定向越野过程中的耐力和高速奔跑表现，并未达成一致意见。本研究完善了精神疲劳的定义，并总结了定向越野训练和比赛中导致精神疲劳的因素差异，这意味着应分别处理精神疲劳问题。
