Nicolaides Steven, Boussioutas Alex
Department of Gastroenterology, Western Health, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia.
Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
Cancers (Basel). 2023 Jan 23;15(3):691. doi: 10.3390/cancers15030691.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are a form of immunotherapy that have revolutionized the treatment of a number of cancers. Specifically, they are antibodies targeted against established and emerging immune checkpoints, such as cytotoxic T-cell antigen 4 (CTLA4), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell death 1 protein (PD-1) on CD8-positive T cells, which promote the destruction of tumor cells. While the immune checkpoint inhibitors are very effective in the treatment of a number of cancers, their use is limited by serious and in some cases life-threatening immune-related adverse events. While these involve many organs, one of the most prevalent serious adverse events is immune checkpoint inhibitor colitis, occurring in a significant proportion of patients treated with this therapy. In this review, we aim to broadly describe the immune-related adverse events known to occur within the gastrointestinal system and the potential role played by the intestinal microbiome.
免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）是一种免疫疗法，它彻底改变了多种癌症的治疗方式。具体而言，它们是针对已确定和新出现的免疫检查点的抗体，如细胞毒性T细胞抗原4（CTLA4）、程序性细胞死亡配体1（PD-L1）和CD8阳性T细胞上的程序性细胞死亡1蛋白（PD-1），这些免疫检查点可促进肿瘤细胞的破坏。虽然免疫检查点抑制剂在多种癌症的治疗中非常有效，但其应用受到严重且在某些情况下危及生命的免疫相关不良事件的限制。这些不良事件涉及多个器官，其中最常见的严重不良事件之一是免疫检查点抑制剂结肠炎，在接受这种疗法的相当一部分患者中都会出现。在本综述中，我们旨在广泛描述已知在胃肠道系统中发生的免疫相关不良事件以及肠道微生物群所起的潜在作用。
