Shen Guohui, Ru Xin, Gu Yanting, Liu Wei, Wang Kunzhen, Li Baiyi, Guo Yanzhi, Han Juan
Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
North China Geological Prospecting and Ecological Resources Monitoring Center (Hebei), Chengde 067000, China.
Foods. 2023 Feb 3;12(3):681. doi: 10.3390/foods12030681.
Heavy metal(loid)s pollution in farmland soil is not only a serious environmental but also a human health-related issue. Accurate understanding and evaluation of heavy metal pollution levels in the soil are very important for sustainable agricultural development and food safety. Mountainous and hilly areas have the dual functions of industrial development and agricultural production, and the farmland soil in these areas is more susceptible to heavy metal pollution. In this study, the single factor index, Nemerow index, geo-accumulation index, enrichment factor index, and potential ecological risk indices, which are mainly used to assess the contamination and risk of heavy metals in farmland soils. The sources of heavy metals in agricultural soils of the study area were analyzed using correlation analysis and principal component analysis. Finally, geostatistical methods were used to map the heavy metal contamination of farmland soils. An average concentration of all heavy metals (except As) in farmland soils of the study area exceeded the corresponding background values, as indicated by the obtained results. The results of the principal component analysis showed that the heavy metal sources in the soils of the study area can be classified into two groups. The five pollutant index methods all showed the most serious Hg pollution in the study area. The integrated pollutant mapping results showed that the risk of heavy metal pollution in the study area was mostly moderate, except for the western and central parts of the region. This study enhances understanding of the pollution levers of heavy metals in Yiyuan farmland soils, and also can facilitate the monitoring of heavy metal contaminants at the primary stage of the food chain and assess the risk of the presence of heavy metal contaminants in food, thus improving the health of the residents.
农田土壤中的重金属（类金属）污染不仅是一个严重的环境问题，也是一个与人类健康相关的问题。准确了解和评估土壤中的重金属污染水平对于农业可持续发展和食品安全非常重要。山区和丘陵地区具有工业发展和农业生产的双重功能，这些地区的农田土壤更容易受到重金属污染。在本研究中，主要使用单因素指数、内梅罗指数、地累积指数、富集因子指数和潜在生态风险指数来评估农田土壤中重金属的污染和风险。利用相关性分析和主成分分析方法分析了研究区农业土壤中重金属的来源。最后，采用地统计方法绘制了农田土壤重金属污染图。研究结果表明，研究区农田土壤中所有重金属（除砷外）的平均浓度均超过了相应的背景值。主成分分析结果表明，研究区土壤中的重金属来源可分为两类。五种污染物指数方法均表明研究区汞污染最为严重。综合污染物制图结果表明，研究区除西部地区和中部地区外，重金属污染风险大多为中等。本研究加深了对沂源农田土壤中重金属污染水平的理解，也有助于在食物链初级阶段监测重金属污染物，并评估食品中重金属污染物存在的风险，从而改善居民健康。
