Singh Ritu R, Gopakumar Harishankar, Sharma Neil R
Parkview Cancer Institute (PCI), Parkview Regional Medical Center, Fort Wayne, IN 46845, USA.
Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, IN 46805, USA.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2023 Feb 2;13(3):550. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13030550.
The prevalence of pancreatic cysts has been rising due to the widespread use of cross-sectional imaging (CT scan and MRI) of the abdomen. While most pancreatic cysts are benign and do not require treatment or surveillance, a significant minority are premalignant and rarely malignant. The risk stratification of these lesions is not straightforward, and individual risk assessment, cyst size, distribution, and alarming morphologic features (when present) can guide the next steps in management. Neoplastic pancreatic cysts are mucinous or non-mucinous. Endoscopic ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration is often required to classify pancreatic cysts into mucinous and non-mucinous cysts and to assess the malignant potential. Advances in endoscopic techniques (confocal laser endomicroscopy, microforceps biopsy) can provide a definitive diagnosis of pancreatic cysts in some cases; however, the use of these techniques involves a higher risk of adverse events.
由于腹部横断面成像（CT扫描和MRI）的广泛应用，胰腺囊肿的患病率一直在上升。虽然大多数胰腺囊肿是良性的，不需要治疗或监测，但有相当少数是癌前病变，很少是恶性的。这些病变的风险分层并不简单，个体风险评估、囊肿大小、分布以及警示性形态特征（如果存在）可以指导下一步的管理措施。肿瘤性胰腺囊肿分为黏液性或非黏液性。通常需要内镜超声引导下细针穿刺来将胰腺囊肿分为黏液性和非黏液性囊肿，并评估其恶性潜能。内镜技术（共聚焦激光内镜、微型活检钳）的进展在某些情况下可以对胰腺囊肿做出明确诊断；然而，使用这些技术会带来更高的不良事件风险。
