Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 25;20(3):2152. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032152.
Toxicological research into the impact of plasticizer on different organs has been reported in the past few decades, while their effects on shifting the gut microbiota and immune cells homeostasis in zebrafish were only studied recently. However, studies on the impact of plasticizer on human gut microbiota are scarce. In this study, we co-incubated healthy human fecal microbiota with different concentrations of Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DINP), analyzed microbial composition by 16S rDNA sequencing, and compared the influence of their derived microbiomes on the human enterocyte (HT-29) and murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cell lines. Microbial diversity is reduced by DEHP treatment in a dose-dependent manner. DEHP treatment reduced the phyla Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, while DINP treatment promoted Proteobacteria. Expressions of tight/adherens junction genes in HT-29 and anti-inflammatory genes in RAW264.7 were down-regulated by plasticizer-co-incubated microbiota derived metabolites. Overall, it is observed that selected plasticizers at high dosages can induce compositional changes in human microbiota. Metabolites from such altered microbiota could affect the tight junction integrity of the intestinal epithelium and upset macrophage differentiation homeostasis in proximity. Chronic exposure to these plasticizers may promote risks of dysbiosis, leaky gut or the exacerbation of intestinal inflammation.
在过去的几十年中，已经有研究报告称，增塑剂对不同器官的毒性研究，但它们对斑马鱼肠道微生物群和免疫细胞动态平衡的影响直到最近才被研究。然而，关于增塑剂对人类肠道微生物群影响的研究还很少。在这项研究中，我们将健康的人类粪便微生物群与不同浓度的邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）和邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯（DINP）共同孵育，通过 16S rDNA 测序分析微生物组成，并比较它们衍生的微生物组对人肠上皮细胞（HT-29）和鼠巨噬细胞（RAW264.7）细胞系的影响。DEHP 处理以剂量依赖的方式降低微生物多样性。DEHP 处理降低了厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门的比例，而 DINP 处理促进了变形菌门。增塑剂共孵育微生物衍生代谢物下调了 HT-29 中的紧密/黏附连接基因表达和 RAW264.7 中的抗炎基因表达。总的来说，观察到选定的增塑剂在高剂量下可以诱导人类微生物群的组成变化。这种改变的微生物群的代谢物可能会影响肠道上皮细胞的紧密连接完整性，并扰乱邻近巨噬细胞分化的动态平衡。慢性暴露于这些增塑剂可能会增加肠道微生物失调、肠道渗漏或肠道炎症恶化的风险。
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