Lewis J E, Wick M R, Scheithauer B W, Bernatz P E, Taylor W F
Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
Cancer. 1987 Dec 1;60(11):2727-43. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19871201)60:11<2727::aid-cncr2820601125>3.0.co;2-d.
The clinical and pathologic features of 283 patients with thymoma treated at the Mayo Clinic (147 female and 136 male; ages 16 years to 90 years; mean, 52 years) were examined. Forty-six percent of the patients had myasthenia gravis and 10% had other paraneoplastic phenomena. The tumors were locally invasive at operation in 32%, including 6% with metastasis to lung or pleura. Intrathoracic recurrence was noted postoperatively in 15% of those who had total excision and distant metastasis developed in 3% of patients. Thirteen percent died of their thymomas and 16% died of myasthenia. Overall 5-year survival was 67% and 10-year survival was 53%. Poor prognostic factors included presence of tumor-related symptoms, large tumor size, local invasion or metastasis in initial operation, and predominantly epithelial histologic features. Although true thymomas are composed of cytologically benign elements, they show a propensity for local invasion and intrathoracic recurrence. They rarely metastasize outside the thorax.
对梅奥诊所收治的283例胸腺瘤患者（147例女性，136例男性；年龄16岁至90岁；平均52岁）的临床和病理特征进行了检查。46%的患者患有重症肌无力，10%的患者有其他副肿瘤现象。32%的肿瘤在手术时呈局部浸润性，其中6%伴有肺或胸膜转移。在接受全切除的患者中，15%术后出现胸内复发，3%的患者发生远处转移。13%的患者死于胸腺瘤，16%的患者死于重症肌无力。总体5年生存率为67%，10年生存率为53%。不良预后因素包括存在肿瘤相关症状、肿瘤体积大、初次手术时局部浸润或转移以及主要为上皮组织学特征。虽然真正的胸腺瘤由细胞学上良性的成分组成，但它们有局部浸润和胸内复发的倾向。它们很少转移至胸部以外。
