Ibrahim Masdiyana, Wan Ibrahim Wan Mastura, Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri, Nabialek Marcin, Putra Jaya Ramadhansyah, Setkit Monthian, Ahmad Romisuhani, Jeż Bartłomiej
Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Malaysia.
Center of Excellence Geopolymer & Green Technology (CeGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Malaysia.
Materials (Basel). 2023 Jan 31;16(3):1221. doi: 10.3390/ma16031221.
Water contamination is a major issue due to industrial releases of hazardous heavy metals. Copper ions are among the most dangerous heavy metals owing to their carcinogenicity and harmful effects on the environment and human health. Adsorption of copper ions using alkali activated materials synthesized through the polycondensation reaction of an alkali source and aluminosilicates is the most promising technique, and has a high adsorption capability owing to a large surface area and pore volume. This research focuses on the effect of the alkaline activator ratio, which is a sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio. Various exposing temperatures on metakaolin based alkali activated materials on a surface structure with excellent functional properties can be used as adsorbent materials for the removal of copper ions. A variety of mix designs were created with varying sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratios, with a fixed sodium hydroxide molarity, metakaolin to alkali activator ratio, hydrogen peroxide, and surfactant content of 10 M, 0.8, 1.00 wt%, and 3.0 wt%, respectively. Most wastewater adsorbents need high sintering temperatures, requiring an energy-intensive and time-consuming manufacturing process. In this way, metakaolin-based alkali activated materials are adsorbent and may be produced easily by solidifying the sample at 60 °C without using much energy. The specific surface area, water absorption, microstructure, phase analysis, functional group analysis, and adsorption capability of copper ions by metakaolin based alkali activated materials as adsorbents were evaluated. The water absorption test on the samples revealed that the sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide 0.5 ratio had the highest water absorption percentage of 36.24%, superior pore size distribution, and homogeneous porosity at 60 °C, with a surface area of 24.6076 m/g and the highest copper ion uptake of 63.726 mg/g with 95.59% copper ion removal efficiency at adsorption condition of pH = 5, a dosage of 0.15 g, 100 mg/L of the initial copper solution, the temperature of 25 °C, and contact time of 60 min. It is concluded that self-supported metakaolin based alkali activated material adsorbents synthesized at low temperatures effectively remove copper ions in aqueous solutions, making them an excellent alternative for wastewater treatment applications.
由于工业排放有害重金属，水污染是一个重大问题。铜离子是最危险的重金属之一，因为它们具有致癌性，并对环境和人类健康产生有害影响。利用通过碱源与铝硅酸盐的缩聚反应合成的碱活化材料吸附铜离子是最有前景的技术，并且由于其具有大的表面积和孔体积而具有高吸附能力。本研究重点关注碱活化剂比例（即硅酸钠与氢氧化钠的比例）的影响。在偏高岭土基碱活化材料上，各种暴露温度对具有优异功能特性的表面结构可作为去除铜离子的吸附材料。通过改变硅酸钠与氢氧化钠的比例，在固定氢氧化钠摩尔浓度、偏高岭土与碱活化剂比例、过氧化氢以及表面活性剂含量分别为10 M、0.8、1.00 wt%和3.0 wt%的情况下，创建了多种混合设计。大多数废水吸附剂需要较高的烧结温度，这需要能源密集且耗时的制造过程。通过这种方式，偏高岭土基碱活化材料具有吸附性，并且可以在60°C下固化样品而无需消耗大量能源，轻松生产出来。对偏高岭土基碱活化材料作为吸附剂的比表面积、吸水性、微观结构、相分析、官能团分析以及铜离子吸附能力进行了评估。对样品的吸水性测试表明，硅酸钠与氢氧化钠比例为0.5时，在60°C下具有最高的吸水百分比36.24%、优异的孔径分布和均匀的孔隙率，表面积为24.6076 m/g，在pH = 5、用量0.15 g、初始铜溶液100 mg/L、温度25°C和接触时间60分钟的吸附条件下，对铜离子的最高吸附量为63.726 mg/g，铜离子去除效率为95.59%。得出结论，低温合成的自支撑偏高岭土基碱活化材料吸附剂能有效去除水溶液中的铜离子，使其成为废水处理应用的极佳替代品。
