Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, 6708 WH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Nutrients. 2023 Jan 25;15(3):616. doi: 10.3390/nu15030616.
Micronutrient deficiencies are still highly prevalent in Asia. Fortification of cooking aids, such as condiments (fish and soy sauces), seasonings, and bouillon cubes, may be an additional strategy to improve micronutrient intake. The current study evaluated the potential impact of iodine and iron fortification of cooking aids on micronutrient intake in Asian countries. A systematic literature search was performed to collect consumption data from different countries in Asia. Data from 18 studies in nine Asian countries were included. Scenario analyses were performed using different fortification levels based on regulations and literature. Mean intake of cooking aids ranged from 3.2-15.9 g/day for condiments and 0.4-11.7 g/day for seasonings and bouillon cubes. When replacing salt with iodized salt (30 µg of iodine/g of salt), iodine intake would increase by 13-119 µg/day for soy and fish sauces (9-80% of the Nutrient Reference Value (NRV)), and 5-83 µg/day for bouillon cubes and seasonings (4-56% of the NRV). Fortification with iron 0.5 mg/g food product for condiments or 1 mg/g food product for bouillon cubes and seasonings improved iron intake for soy and fish sauces by 1.6-8.0 mg/day (11-57% of the NRV), and for bouillon cubes and seasonings by 0.4-5.6 mg/day (3-40% of the NRV). These results indicate that, depending on the consumption pattern, fortification of cooking aids can be a suitable strategy to increase intake of micronutrients.
微量营养素缺乏在亚洲仍然普遍存在。强化烹饪辅助品,如调味料(鱼露和酱油)、调味品和汤料块,可能是提高微量营养素摄入的另一种策略。本研究评估了在亚洲国家强化烹饪辅助品中的碘和铁对微量营养素摄入的潜在影响。进行了系统的文献检索,以收集亚洲不同国家的消费数据。纳入了来自亚洲九个国家的 18 项研究的数据。根据法规和文献,使用不同的强化水平进行了情景分析。调味品的烹饪辅助品平均摄入量为 3.2-15.9 克/天,调味料和汤料块为 0.4-11.7 克/天。用加碘盐(盐中含碘 30μg/g)替代盐时,鱼露和酱油中的碘摄入量将增加 13-119μg/天(占营养素参考值(NRV)的 9-80%),汤料块和调味料中的碘摄入量将增加 5-83μg/天(占 NRV 的 4-56%)。调味酱中强化铁 0.5mg/g 食品或汤料块和调味料中强化铁 1mg/g 食品可使鱼露和酱油的铁摄入量增加 1.6-8.0mg/天(占 NRV 的 11-57%),汤料块和调味料中的铁摄入量增加 0.4-5.6mg/天(占 NRV 的 3-40%)。这些结果表明,根据消费模式,强化烹饪辅助品可能是增加微量营养素摄入的一种合适策略。
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