Division of Food Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, 32439, Korea.
Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, 27909, Korea.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2020 Aug;196(2):384-392. doi: 10.1007/s12011-019-01932-y. Epub 2019 Nov 7.
Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for the body's composition and is required for various functions, including nutrient metabolism, immune system function, and antioxidant ability. However, there are insufficient data on the nutritional status of Mn. In this study, we aimed to analyze the relationship between Mn intake and urinary excretion in Korean adults. A twice dietary intake survey using a 24-h recall method was conducted on 640 adults (320 men and 320 women), aged 20 to 69 years. Eighty 24-h urine samples were also twice collected and urinary Mn excretions were analyzed. Results indicated that total Mn intake per day was 4.1 mg for men and 3.9 mg for women (p < 0.05). Mn intake per 1000 kcal of energy consumption was significantly higher in women than in men (2.0 mg/1,000 kcal vs. 2.2 mg/1000 kcal, p < 0.01). Additionally, Mn intake as a percentage of Adequate Intake was 103.0% for men and 110.3% for women (p < 0.05). Mn was mostly consumed from cereals (1.78 mg/day for men and 1.53 mg/day for women), followed by vegetables, seasonings, fruits, and pulses. The main food sources of Mn were rice (27.8% for men, 22.0% for women), kimchi (3.5% for men, 1.4% for women), and tofu (2.8% for men, 2.3% for women); the percentage of Mn consumed from 20 types of foods was 55.6% (women) to 60.4% (men). Urinary Mn excretion was negatively correlated with Mn intake from cereals and positively with mushrooms only for women after adjusting for confounding factors (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary Mn intake by Korean adults was adequate to meet the Dietary Reference Intake, but the relationship between Mn intake and urinary excretion was not clear.
锰（Mn）是人体组成所必需的元素，对于各种功能都很重要，包括营养代谢、免疫系统功能和抗氧化能力。然而，目前关于锰的营养状况数据还不够充分。在这项研究中，我们旨在分析韩国成年人的锰摄入量与尿排泄量之间的关系。我们对 640 名成年人（男女各 320 人，年龄 20-69 岁）进行了两次 24 小时膳食摄入调查，使用 24 小时回忆法。还两次收集了 80 个 24 小时尿液样本，并分析了尿液中锰的排泄量。结果表明，男性和女性每天的总锰摄入量分别为 4.1 毫克和 3.9 毫克（p<0.05）。每 1000 千卡能量消耗的锰摄入量在女性中明显高于男性（2.0 毫克/1000 千卡比 2.2 毫克/1000 千卡，p<0.01）。此外，男性和女性的锰摄入量分别达到了适宜摄入量的 103.0%和 110.3%（p<0.05）。锰主要来自谷物（男性 1.78 毫克/天，女性 1.53 毫克/天），其次是蔬菜、调味料、水果和豆类。锰的主要食物来源是大米（男性 27.8%，女性 22.0%）、泡菜（男性 3.5%，女性 1.4%）和豆腐（男性 2.8%，女性 2.3%）；20 种食物中锰的摄入量占 55.6%（女性）至 60.4%（男性）。调整混杂因素后，女性的膳食锰摄入量与谷物摄入呈负相关，与蘑菇摄入呈正相关，但与尿锰排泄量无明显相关（p<0.05）。总之，韩国成年人的膳食锰摄入量足以满足膳食参考摄入量，但锰摄入量与尿排泄量之间的关系尚不清楚。
