Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
Nutrients. 2023 Feb 2;15(3):779. doi: 10.3390/nu15030779.
Lutein is a dietary lipophilic compound with anti-inflammatory properties. We have previously shown that dairy fat can improve the lutein content in spinach smoothies. It is, however, unclear whether fat concentrations and fermentation status in dairy products affect lutein liberation in smoothies. Moreover, plant-based milks vary in fat, protein, and fiber content which may affect lutein dissolution. This study aimed to provide translatable information to consumers by comparing lutein liberation in spinach smoothies made with different dairy or plant-based liquids in domestic settings. The smoothies were digested in vitro, and liberated lutein was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). High-fat and medium-fat cow's milk, as well as coconut milk with and without additives, were found to significantly improve lutein liberation by 36%, 30%, 25%, and 42%, respectively, compared to blending spinach with water alone. Adjustment models suggested that the effects of cow's milk and coconut milk were derived from fat and protein, respectively. On the other hand, soymilk with and without additives showed significantly reduced lutein liberation by 40% and 61%, respectively. To summarize, only 4 out of 14 tested liquids increased lutein liberation in spinach smoothies. The results highlight the importance of testing food companions for lipophilic active ingredients.
叶黄素是一种具有抗炎特性的膳食类脂化合物。我们之前的研究表明,乳制品中的脂肪可以提高菠菜奶昔中的叶黄素含量。然而,乳制品中的脂肪浓度和发酵状态是否会影响奶昔中叶黄素的释放尚不清楚。此外,植物性牛奶在脂肪、蛋白质和纤维含量方面存在差异,这可能会影响叶黄素的溶解。本研究旨在通过比较不同乳制品或植物性液体在家庭环境中制作的菠菜奶昔中叶黄素的释放情况,为消费者提供可转化的信息。在体外消化这些奶昔,并通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)测量释放的叶黄素。与仅用菠菜和水混合相比,高脂肪和中脂肪牛奶、添加和未添加添加剂的椰奶分别显著提高了 36%、30%、25%和 42%的叶黄素释放。调整模型表明,牛奶和椰奶的作用分别来自脂肪和蛋白质。另一方面,添加和未添加添加剂的豆浆分别显著降低了 40%和 61%的叶黄素释放。总之,在 14 种测试液体中,只有 4 种能增加菠菜奶昔中的叶黄素释放。研究结果强调了测试脂溶性活性成分的食物伴侣的重要性。