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在 Fuchs 内皮角膜营养不良中,凝血蛋白、因子 V 和血栓调节蛋白的 DNA 甲基化改变和 mRNA 表达增加。

DNA methylation changes and increased mRNA expression of coagulation proteins, factor V and thrombomodulin in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy.

机构信息

Department of Medical Biosciences, Medical and Clinical Genetics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.

Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.

出版信息

Cell Mol Life Sci. 2023 Feb 11;80(3):62. doi: 10.1007/s00018-023-04714-x.

Abstract

Late-onset Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a disease affecting the corneal endothelium (CE), associated with a cytosine-thymine-guanine repeat expansion at the CTG18.1 locus in the transcription factor 4 (TCF4) gene. It is unknown whether CTG18.1 expansions affect global methylation including TCF4 gene in CE or whether global CE methylation changes at advanced age. Using genome-wide DNA methylation array, we investigated methylation in CE from FECD patients with CTG18.1 expansions and studied the methylation in healthy CE at different ages. The most revealing DNA methylation findings were analyzed by gene expression and protein analysis. 3488 CpGs had significantly altered methylation pattern in FECD though no substantial changes were found in TCF4. The most hypermethylated site was in a predicted promoter of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) gene, and the most hypomethylated site was in a predicted promoter of coagulation factor V (F5 for gene, FV for protein). In FECD, AQP1 mRNA expression was variable, while F5 gene expression showed a ~ 23-fold increase. FV protein was present in both healthy and affected CE. Further gene expression analysis of coagulation factors interacting with FV revealed a ~ 34-fold increase of thrombomodulin (THBD). THBD protein was detected only in CE from FECD patients. Additionally, we observed an age-dependent hypomethylation in elderly healthy CE.Thus, tissue-specific genome-wide and gene-specific methylation changes associated with altered gene expression were discovered in FECD. TCF4 pathological methylation in FECD because of CTG18.1 expansion was ruled out.

摘要

迟发性 Fuchs 内皮角膜营养不良(FECD)是一种影响角膜内皮(CE)的疾病,与转录因子 4(TCF4)基因中的 CTG18.1 位点的胞嘧啶-胸腺嘧啶-鸟嘌呤重复扩展有关。目前尚不清楚 CTG18.1 扩展是否会影响 CE 中的全局甲基化,包括 TCF4 基因,或者在高龄时 CE 的全局甲基化是否会发生变化。使用全基因组 DNA 甲基化阵列,我们研究了患有 CTG18.1 扩展的 FECD 患者的 CE 中的甲基化,并研究了不同年龄健康 CE 中的甲基化情况。通过基因表达和蛋白质分析对最具启示性的 DNA 甲基化发现进行了分析。尽管在 TCF4 中没有发现实质性变化,但在 FECD 中有 3488 个 CpG 具有明显改变的甲基化模式。最超甲基化的位点位于水通道蛋白 1(AQP1)基因的预测启动子中,最低甲基化的位点位于凝血因子 V(FV 用于基因,FV 用于蛋白质)的预测启动子中。在 FECD 中,AQP1 mRNA 表达是可变的,而 F5 基因表达显示出约 23 倍的增加。FV 蛋白存在于健康和受影响的 CE 中。进一步对与 FV 相互作用的凝血因子的基因表达分析显示,血栓调节蛋白(THBD)增加了约 34 倍。THBD 蛋白仅在 FECD 患者的 CE 中检测到。此外,我们还观察到老年健康 CE 中存在年龄依赖性低甲基化。因此,在 FECD 中发现了与改变基因表达相关的组织特异性全基因组和基因特异性甲基化变化。由于 CTG18.1 扩展导致的 FECD 中 TCF4 的病理性甲基化被排除在外。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5034/11073119/8d78c0649360/18_2023_4714_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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