Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Prev Vet Med. 2023 Apr;213:105869. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105869. Epub 2023 Feb 3.
Dogs are thought to be highly exposed to environmental pathogenic leptospires, possibly acting as potential sources of infection for zoonotic transmission. Vaccination stands as the cornerstone strategy to prevent disease and urinary shedding in dogs, yet the success of vaccination is highly dependent on the correspondence of leptospires circulating locally with those used in vaccine compositions. To provide evidence for vaccine compatibility, and to assess whether there are regional differences on serogroup distribution, we conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis on serological data, characterization of leptospiral isolates and risk factors for seropositivity in dogs from Brazil. Studies reporting canine leptospirosis within the Brazilian territory were eligible for inclusion, and methodology was validated by PROSPERO under registration CRD42020204187. Six electronic databases were searched, and data regarding population, methods, and outcomes were extracted. Sixty-one studies were included to access serogroup distribution and risk factors, with a pooled positivity rate of 19.7% in dog population. Serological evidence indicates that Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae and Autumnalis are the most frequently found serogroups. Twenty-eight records were included to access leptospiral strains isolated in Brazil, with n = 56 strains characterized as serogroups Canicola, n = 37 as Icterohaemorrhagiae, n = 2 as Pomona, and n = 1 strain as Australis and Sejroe each. Risk factor analysis revealed that stray dogs, puppies or elderly dogs, male dogs and dogs kept by tutors with poor social and economic conditions are at high risk for infection. The present study revealed overall good compatibility of leptospiral strains circulating locally with those used in vaccines against canine leptospirosis in Brazil. The circulation of serovars Pomona and Grippotyphosa has not been consistently demonstrated, and the inclusion of these serovars in local vaccines cannot be supported by our results. The results also provided serological evidence for the circulation of Serogroup Autumnalis among the studied populations.
人们认为狗高度暴露于环境中的致病性钩端螺旋体，可能充当动物传染病的潜在传染源。疫苗接种是预防犬只疾病和尿液传播的基石策略，但疫苗接种的成功高度依赖于当地循环的钩端螺旋体与疫苗成分中使用的钩端螺旋体相匹配。为了提供疫苗兼容性的证据，并评估血清群分布是否存在地区差异，我们对巴西犬的血清学数据、钩端螺旋体分离株的特征以及血清阳性的危险因素进行了系统评价和荟萃分析。在巴西境内报告的犬类钩端螺旋体病的研究有资格被纳入，并且方法通过 PROSPERO 在注册号 CRD42020204187 下进行了验证。我们搜索了六个电子数据库，并提取了关于人口、方法和结果的数据。共有 61 项研究被纳入评估血清群分布和危险因素，犬群的总体阳性率为 19.7%。血清学证据表明，犬钩端螺旋体、黄疸出血群和秋田群是最常发现的血清群。有 28 个记录被纳入评估在巴西分离的钩端螺旋体菌株，其中 n=56 株被确定为犬钩端螺旋体血清群，n=37 株为黄疸出血群，n=2 株为波摩那群，n=1 株为澳大利亚群和七日热群。危险因素分析表明，流浪狗、幼犬或老年狗、公狗和由社会经济条件较差的导师饲养的狗感染风险较高。本研究表明，巴西当地流行的钩端螺旋体菌株与犬钩端螺旋体疫苗中使用的菌株总体上具有良好的兼容性。波摩那血清群和 grippotyphosa 血清群的循环尚未得到一致证明，我们的结果不能支持这些血清群纳入当地疫苗。研究结果还为所研究人群中秋田群的流行提供了血清学证据。
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