健康家畜中金黄色葡萄球菌鼻腔携带情况及遗传特征的比较综述：深入了解人畜共患病和人传人克隆株。

Comparative review of the nasal carriage and genetic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus in healthy livestock: Insight into zoonotic and anthroponotic clones.

作者信息

Abdullahi Idris Nasir, Lozano Carmen, Saidenberg Andre Becker Simoes, Latorre-Fernández Javier, Zarazaga Myriam, Torres Carmen

机构信息

Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.

Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section for Food Safety and Zoonoses, Institute for Veterinary and Companion Animal Science, Københavns Universitet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

出版信息

Infect Genet Evol. 2023 Apr;109:105408. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105408. Epub 2023 Feb 10.

DOI:10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105408

PMID:36773670

Abstract

Given the central role of livestock in understanding the genomic epidemiology of S. aureus, the present study systematically reviewed and synthesized data on the nasal S. aureus carriage, resistance patterns to critical antimicrobial agents, virulence factors and genetic lineages among healthy livestock. Bibliographical databases were searched for published studies from May 2003 to May 2022 on nasal S. aureus carriage, their phenotypic and genetic characteristics among healthy pigs (A), sheep and goats (B), cattle (C), poultry (D), camels (E) and buffaloes (F). Special focus was given to the prevalence of nasal MRSA, MRSA-CC398, MRSA-CC9, mecC-MRSA, MSSA-CC398, and resistance to linezolid (LZD), chloramphenicol (CLO) and tetracycline (TET) in S. aureus isolates. Of the 5492 studies identified, 146 comprised groups A(83)/B(18)/C(33)/D(4)/E(5)/F(3), and were found eligible. The overall pooled nasal prevalence of MRSA in healthy livestock was 13.8% (95% CI: 13.5-14.1) among a pooled 48,154 livestock population. Specifically, the pooled prevalence in groups A to F were: 16.0% (95% CI: 15.6-16.4), 3.7% (95% CI: 2.9-4.6), 13.6% (95% CI: 12.8-14.4), 5.8% (95% CI: 5.1-6.5), 7.1% (95% CI: 6.1-10.7), and 2.8% (95% CI: 1.5-4.8), respectively. These values varied considerably by continent. Varied pooled prevalences of CC398 lineage with respect to MRSA isolates were obtained, with the highest from pigs and cattle (>70%). Moreover, other classical animal-adapted MRSA as well as MSSA-CC398-t1928 were reported. TET-MSSA was lowest in cattle (18.9%) and highest in pigs (80.7%). LZD-S. aureus was reported in 8 studies (mediated by optrA and cfr), mainly in pigs (n = 4), while CLO-S. aureus was reported in 32 studies. The virulence genes luk-S/F-PV, tst, etd, sea, see were sparsely reported, and only in non-CC398-MRSA lineages. Certain S. aureus clones and critical AMR appeared to have predominance in some livestock, as in the case of pigs that are high nasal carriers of MRSA-CC398 and -CC9, and MSSA-CC398. These findings highlight the need for adequate prevention against the transmission of zoonotic S. aureus lineages to humans.

摘要

鉴于家畜在了解金黄色葡萄球菌基因组流行病学方面的核心作用，本研究系统地回顾并综合了有关健康家畜鼻腔金黄色葡萄球菌携带情况、对关键抗菌药物的耐药模式、毒力因子和基因谱系的数据。通过检索文献数据库，查找了2003年5月至2022年5月发表的关于健康猪（A）、绵羊和山羊（B）、牛（C）、家禽（D）、骆驼（E）和水牛（F）鼻腔金黄色葡萄球菌携带情况及其表型和遗传特征的研究。特别关注了金黄色葡萄球菌分离株中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）、MRSA-CC398、MRSA-CC9、mecC-MRSA、甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌（MSSA）-CC398的流行情况，以及对利奈唑胺（LZD）、氯霉素（CLO）和四环素（TET）的耐药情况。在鉴定出的5492项研究中，146项包括A组（83项）/B组（18项）/C组（33项）/D组（4项）/E组（5项）/F组（3项），并被认为符合条件。在总共48154头家畜群体中，健康家畜鼻腔MRSA的总体合并流行率为13.8%（95%置信区间：13.5-14.1）。具体而言，A至F组的合并流行率分别为：16.0%（95%置信区间：15.6-16.4）、3.7%（95%置信区间：2.9-4.6）、13.6%（95%置信区间：12.8-14.4）、5.8%（95%置信区间：5.1-6.5）、7.1%（95%置信区间：6.1-10.7）和2.8%（95%置信区间：1.5-4.8）。这些数值因大陆而异。获得了关于MRSA分离株的CC398谱系的不同合并流行率，其中猪和牛的流行率最高（>70%）。此外，还报告了其他经典的动物适应性MRSA以及MSSA-CC398-t1928。TET-MSSA在牛中最低（18.9%），在猪中最高（80.7%）。有8项研究报告了LZD-金黄色葡萄球菌（由optrA和cfr介导），主要在猪中（n = 4），而有32项研究报告了CLO-金黄色葡萄球菌。毒力基因luk-S/F-PV、tst、etd、sea、see的报告较少，且仅在非CC398-MRSA谱系中。某些金黄色葡萄球菌克隆和关键的抗菌药物耐药性似乎在一些家畜中占主导地位，例如猪是MRSA-CC398和-CC9以及MSSA-CC398的高鼻腔携带者。这些发现突出了充分预防人畜共患金黄色葡萄球菌谱系传播给人类的必要性。