Liu Lu, Zhang Wen-Qiang, Hu Fei-Chao, Pang Kuo, Guo Ya-Li, Zhang Ting, Li Min
Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2023 Feb 8;44(2):1191-1200. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202203043.
Rural sewage treatment in the Yangtze River basin is an important link to achieve the great protection of the Yangtze River, but the existing treatment technologies are difficult to choose and have various techniques and a lack of evaluation. Therefore, this study researched and collected the case information of rural sewage treatment projects in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, analyzed the application of each treatment technology under different collection modes and discharge standards, constructed the evaluation index system of rural sewage treatment technologies, and then conducted a classification evaluation of processing technologies for each application scenario based on group decision making and the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The results showed that:the collection modes of rural sewage in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River were mainly single village or small-scale joint village, the treatment scale was mainly concentrated below 200 m·d, the treatment technology was most applied by the anaerobic+ecological process (28.05%), and the application of integrated equipment was also more widely used (22.47%). The technical performance in the criterion layer had the largest weight (0.5039) in the evaluation index system, followed by those of economic benefits (0.2474), operation and management (0.1559), and environmental impact (0.0928), respectively; the four indicators of TP removal rate, ton water operation cost, ammonia nitrogen removal rate, and maintenance difficulty had higher weights. The evaluation and optimization results showed that the enhanced ecological and anaerobic+ecological treatment technologies were suitable for promotion and application in the rural areas of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The results of this study can provide scientific basis and reference for the selection of rural sewage treatment technologies in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.
长江流域农村污水处理是实现长江大保护的重要环节，但现有处理技术难以抉择，技术多样且缺乏评估。因此，本研究调研收集了长江中游农村污水处理项目案例信息，分析了不同收集模式和排放标准下各处理技术的应用情况，构建了农村污水处理技术评价指标体系，进而基于群体决策和层次分析法对各应用场景的处理技术进行分类评价。结果表明：长江中游农村污水收集模式主要为单村或小规模联村，处理规模主要集中在200 m·d以下，处理技术应用最多的是厌氧+生态工艺（28.05%），一体化设备的应用也较为广泛（22.47%）。评价指标体系中准则层的技术性能权重最大（0.5039），其次分别是经济效益（0.2474）、运行管理（0.1559）和环境影响（0.0928）；总磷去除率、吨水运行成本、氨氮去除率和维护难度这四个指标权重较高。评价与优化结果表明，强化生态和厌氧+生态处理技术适合在长江中游农村地区推广应用。本研究结果可为长江中游农村污水处理技术的选择提供科学依据和参考。
