Menn J J
Environ Health Perspect. 1978 Dec;27:113-24. doi: 10.1289/ehp.7827113.
Pesticide chemicals are an important component of modern agriculture. Through their use, plants and animals are exposed to pesticides directly and indirectly from transport through soil, water, and other environmental components. Pesticide chemicals which are absorbed by plants and animals undergo extensive biotransformation. Lipophilic compounds are converted to polar metabolites through a variety of microsomal and extramicrosomal reactions in plants and animals. Generally, biotransformations are qualitatively similar in both systems. However, there are important quantitative rate differences in metabolism which often determine the balance between activation and deactivation of a pesticide. Furthermore, there are qualitative differences in conjugative mechanisms in plants and animals. Animals through an efficient excretory system eliminate transformation products via the urine and feces. Since efficient excretory systems are absent in plants, terminal degradation products are stored as conjugates and/or derivatives which may be incorporated into the plants themselves. Metabolic transformations of selected pesticides illustrating various types of reactions in plants and animals are discussed.
农药化学品是现代农业的重要组成部分。通过使用农药，植物和动物会直接或间接地接触到农药，这些农药通过土壤、水和其他环境成分进行传输。被植物和动物吸收的农药化学品会经历广泛的生物转化。亲脂性化合物通过植物和动物体内各种微粒体和微粒体外反应转化为极性代谢物。一般来说，两个系统中的生物转化在性质上相似。然而，代谢过程中存在重要的定量速率差异，这往往决定了农药活化与失活之间的平衡。此外，植物和动物在结合机制上存在质的差异。动物通过高效的排泄系统通过尿液和粪便排出转化产物。由于植物中不存在高效的排泄系统，最终降解产物以共轭物和/或衍生物的形式储存，这些共轭物和/或衍生物可能会整合到植物自身中。本文讨论了选定农药的代谢转化，以说明植物和动物体内的各种反应类型。
