Avrumova Fedan, Lebl Darren R
Department of Spine Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States.
Front Surg. 2023 Jan 27;9:1086988. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.1086988. eCollection 2022.
Augmented reality (AR) is an emerging technology that can overlay computer graphics onto the real world and enhance visual feedback from information systems. Within the past several decades, innovations related to AR have been integrated into our daily lives; however, its application in medicine, specifically in minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS), may be most important to understand. AR navigation provides auditory and haptic feedback, which can further enhance surgeons' capabilities and improve safety.
The purpose of this article is to address previous and current applications of AR, AR in MISS, limitations of today's technology, and future areas of innovation.
A literature review related to applications of AR technology in previous and current generations was conducted.
AR systems have been implemented for treatments related to spinal surgeries in recent years, and AR may be an alternative to current approaches such as traditional navigation, robotically assisted navigation, fluoroscopic guidance, and free hand. As AR is capable of projecting patient anatomy directly on the surgical field, it can eliminate concern for surgeon attention shift from the surgical field to navigated remote screens, line-of-sight interruption, and cumulative radiation exposure as the demand for MISS increases.
AR is a novel technology that can improve spinal surgery, and limitations will likely have a great impact on future technology.
增强现实（AR）是一种新兴技术，它可以将计算机图形叠加到现实世界上，并增强信息系统的视觉反馈。在过去几十年里，与AR相关的创新已融入我们的日常生活；然而，其在医学领域，特别是在微创脊柱手术（MISS）中的应用，可能是最值得了解的。AR导航提供听觉和触觉反馈，这可以进一步增强外科医生的能力并提高安全性。
本文的目的是探讨AR的既往和当前应用、AR在MISS中的应用、当今技术的局限性以及未来的创新领域。
对与AR技术在过去和当前各代中的应用相关的文献进行了综述。
近年来，AR系统已被用于脊柱手术相关的治疗，并且AR可能是传统导航、机器人辅助导航、荧光透视引导和徒手操作等当前方法的一种替代方案。由于AR能够将患者解剖结构直接投射到手术区域，随着对MISS需求的增加，它可以消除外科医生注意力从手术区域转移到导航远程屏幕、视线中断以及累积辐射暴露等问题。
AR是一种可以改善脊柱手术的新技术，其局限性可能会对未来技术产生重大影响。
