Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Rd. Tambon Sriphum, Amphoe Mueng, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
Master of Science Program (Mental Health), Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huaykaew Rd., Tambon Suthep, Amphoe Mueng, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
Sci Rep. 2023 Feb 13;13(1):2506. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-29848-7.
There are a number of resilience scales with good psychometric properties. However, the various scales differ in their item content in accordance with the model of resilience the developer had in mind. Culture is one of the reasons for the difference. Thailand, one of the Buddhist cultures, has a different view on resilience compared with Western culture. This study aimed to develop and validate a resilience inventory created based on the inner strength concept using a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Rasch measurement model. The resilience inventory (RI) was developed by creating new items representing inner strengths attributed to resilience. The inner strength was adopted to form the resilience construct, including perseverance, wisdom, patience, mindfulness, loving-kindness and equanimity. In addition, face and content validity were examined by experts in both mental health and Buddhism. The final RI comprised nine items with a 5-point Likert-type scale. The RI-9 was completed by 243 medical students who participated in the study, along with other measurements, i.e., Inner Strength-Based Inventory (iSBI), measuring the ten characteristics of perfection or inner strength, and the Core Symptom Index, measuring anxiety, depression and somatization symptoms. CFA, internal consistency and the Polytomous Rasch rating model were used to investigate the RI-9 construct validity. The mean age of the participants was 22.7 years (SD, 0.8); one-half were male (50%). The RI-9 construct demonstrated item hierarchy as follows: perseverance, patience (tolerance), mindfulness and equanimity, wisdom and loving-kindness. CFA showed that the unidimensional model fitted the data well. Rasch analysis showed no misfitting items and local dependence. The reliability of the person and item was good, and no disordered threshold was observed. Two items were found to exhibit differential item functioning due to sex. RI-9 scores were significantly related to all ten strengths from the iSBI, whereas they were negatively related to depression, anxiety, somatization and interpersonal difficulties. The RI-9 demonstrated validity and reliability. It constitutes a promising tool for outcome assessment in nonclinical populations. Further investigation on external validity as well as psychometric validation in other different cultures, should be encouraged.
有许多具有良好心理测量特性的弹性量表。然而，各种量表在其项目内容上存在差异，这取决于开发者心目中的弹性模型。文化是造成这种差异的原因之一。泰国是佛教文化之一，与西方文化相比，对弹性有不同的看法。本研究旨在使用验证性因素分析（CFA）和 Rasch 测量模型，基于内在力量的概念开发和验证一种弹性量表。弹性量表（RI）是通过创建代表与弹性相关的内在力量的新项目而开发的。内在力量被用来形成弹性结构，包括毅力、智慧、耐心、正念、慈悲和淡定。此外，心理健康和佛教领域的专家对其进行了表面效度和内容效度的评估。最终的 RI 由 9 个项目组成，采用 5 级 Likert 量表。RI-9 由 243 名参与研究的医学生填写，同时还填写了其他量表，如内在力量量表（iSBI），用于测量完美或内在力量的 10 个特征，以及核心症状指数，用于测量焦虑、抑郁和躯体化症状。CFA、内部一致性和多项式 Rasch 评分模型用于研究 RI-9 的结构效度。参与者的平均年龄为 22.7 岁（标准差 0.8），其中一半是男性（50%）。RI-9 的构建表现出如下的项目层次结构：毅力、耐心（容忍）、正念和淡定、智慧和慈悲。CFA 显示，单一维度模型很好地拟合了数据。Rasch 分析表明没有不拟合的项目和局部依赖。个体和项目的可靠性良好，没有观察到无序阈值。有两个项目由于性别而表现出不同的项目功能。RI-9 分数与 iSBI 的 10 个强项显著相关，而与抑郁、焦虑、躯体化和人际关系困难呈负相关。RI-9 具有有效性和可靠性。它为非临床人群的结果评估提供了一种有前途的工具。应该鼓励对外部有效性以及在其他不同文化中的心理测量验证进行进一步研究。
