Development and field evaluation of an ELISA to differentiate -infected from -vaccinated cattle.

Immunization of calves with is used to prevent acute anaplasmosis caused by . Natural and vaccine-acquired immunity is detected through serologic tests based primarily on recombinant major surface protein 5 (MSP5m) because it has 91% identity with MSP5 from (MSP5c). We developed a displacement, double-antigen, sandwich ELISA (ddasELISA) to detect antibodies against or For ddasELISA validation, we analyzed serum samples positive for antibodies against spp. from cattle naturally infected with ( = 300) or vaccinated with ( = 255). Species-specific nested PCR (nPCR) assays were used to confirm infection. The optical density (OD) values obtained from antibodies directed at unique epitopes of (OD) or (OD) were used in the formula OD/OD. If the derived ratio was >0.38, the serum sample was considered positive for antibodies against , with 98.9% sensitivity and 98.0% specificity. In a field evaluation, we analyzed 702 spp. antibody-positive serum samples from 34 herds by ddasELISA and nPCR; 571 were classified by ddasELISA as -infected or -vaccinated, with 84% agreement (κ = 0.70) between ddasELISA and nPCR. Our results indicate that ddasELISA could be used as a cost-effective alternative to molecular techniques to confirm infection with in countries in which prevention is based on vaccination with .