Department of Zoology, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi-110036, Delhi, India.
Division Radiopharmaceuticals and Radiation Biology, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India.
Curr Mol Med. 2024;24(2):191-204. doi: 10.2174/1566524023666230213094308.
The prokaryotic adaptive immune system has clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat. CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas) genome editing systems have been harnessed. A robust programmed technique for efficient and accurate genome editing and gene targeting has been developed. Engineered cell therapy, in vivo gene therapy, animal modeling, and cancer diagnosis and treatment are all possible applications of this ground-breaking approach. Multiple genetic and epigenetic changes in cancer cells induce malignant cell growth and provide chemoresistance. The capacity to repair or ablate such mutations has enormous potential in the fight against cancer. The CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing method has recently become popular in cancer treatment research due to its excellent efficiency and accuracy. The preceding study has shown therapeutic potential in expanding our anticancer treatments by using CRISPR-Cas9 to directly target cancer cell genomic DNA in cellular and animal cancer models. In addition, CRISPR-Cas9 can combat oncogenic infections and test anticancer medicines. It may design immune cells and oncolytic viruses for cancer immunotherapeutic applications. In this review, these preclinical CRISPRCas9- based cancer therapeutic techniques are summarised, along with the hurdles and advancements in converting therapeutic CRISPR-Cas9 into clinical use. It will increase their applicability in cancer research.
原核生物适应性免疫系统具有成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列。CRISPR 相关蛋白（CRISPR-Cas）基因组编辑系统已被利用。一种强大的程序化技术已被开发出来，用于高效和精确的基因组编辑和基因靶向。工程细胞治疗、体内基因治疗、动物模型以及癌症诊断和治疗都可能是这种开创性方法的应用。癌细胞中的多种遗传和表观遗传变化诱导恶性细胞生长并提供化疗耐药性。修复或消除这些突变的能力在癌症治疗中具有巨大的潜力。由于其出色的效率和准确性，CRISPR-Cas9 基因组编辑方法最近在癌症治疗研究中变得流行。之前的研究表明，通过使用 CRISPR-Cas9 在细胞和动物癌症模型中直接靶向癌细胞基因组 DNA，扩大我们的抗癌治疗具有治疗潜力。此外，CRISPR-Cas9 可以对抗致癌感染并测试抗癌药物。它可以设计免疫细胞和溶瘤病毒用于癌症免疫治疗应用。在这篇综述中，总结了这些基于 preclinical CRISPRCas9 的癌症治疗技术，以及将治疗性 CRISPR-Cas9 转化为临床应用的障碍和进展。这将提高它们在癌症研究中的适用性。
