新冠后遗症症状与就业状况的关联。

Association of Post-COVID-19 Condition Symptoms and Employment Status.

机构信息

Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.

Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

出版信息

JAMA Netw Open. 2023 Feb 1;6(2):e2256152. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.56152.

DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.56152

PMID:36790806

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9932847/

Abstract

IMPORTANCE

Little is known about the functional correlates of post-COVID-19 condition (PCC), also known as long COVID, particularly the relevance of neurocognitive symptoms.

OBJECTIVE

To characterize prevalence of unemployment among individuals who did, or did not, develop PCC after acute infection.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This survey study used data from 8 waves of a 50-state US nonprobability internet population-based survey of respondents aged 18 to 69 years conducted between February 2021 and July 2022.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES

The primary outcomes were self-reported current employment status and the presence of PCC, defined as report of continued symptoms at least 2 months beyond initial month of symptoms confirmed by a positive COVID-19 test.

RESULTS

The cohort included 15 308 survey respondents with test-confirmed COVID-19 at least 2 months prior, of whom 2236 (14.6%) reported PCC symptoms, including 1027 of 2236 (45.9%) reporting either brain fog or impaired memory. The mean (SD) age was 38.8 (13.5) years; 9679 respondents (63.2%) identified as women and 10 720 (70.0%) were White. Overall, 1418 of 15 308 respondents (9.3%) reported being unemployed, including 276 of 2236 (12.3%) of those with PCC and 1142 of 13 071 (8.7%) of those without PCC; 8229 respondents (53.8%) worked full-time, including 1017 (45.5%) of those with PCC and 7212 (55.2%) without PCC. In survey-weighted regression models excluding retired respondents, the presence of PCC was associated with a lower likelihood of working full-time (odds ratio [OR], 0.71 [95% CI, 0.63-0.80]; adjusted OR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.74-0.96]) and with a higher likelihood of being unemployed (OR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.22-1.73]; adjusted OR, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.02-1.48]). The presence of any cognitive symptom was associated with lower likelihood of working full time (OR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.56-0.88]; adjusted OR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.59-0.84]).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE

PCC was associated with a greater likelihood of unemployment and lesser likelihood of working full time in adjusted models. The presence of cognitive symptoms was associated with diminished likelihood of working full time. These results underscore the importance of developing strategies to treat and manage PCC symptoms.

摘要

重要性

人们对新冠病毒感染后出现的新冠后状况（也称为长期新冠）的功能相关性知之甚少，特别是神经认知症状的相关性。

目的

描述急性感染后出现和未出现新冠后状况的个体中失业的发生率。

设计、地点和参与者：这项调查研究使用了 2021 年 2 月至 2022 年 7 月期间在 50 个州进行的一项基于互联网的美国非概率人群调查的 8 个波次的数据，该调查对象为年龄在 18 至 69 岁的人群。

主要结局和措施

主要结局是自我报告的当前就业状况和新冠后状况的存在，新冠后状况的定义为在最初出现症状的月份之后至少 2 个月仍持续出现症状，并通过 COVID-19 检测阳性结果确认。

结果

队列包括 15308 名至少在 2 个月前经检测确诊 COVID-19 的调查对象，其中 2236 名（14.6%）报告出现新冠后症状，包括 1027 名（45.9%）报告出现脑雾或记忆力受损。平均（SD）年龄为 38.8（13.5）岁；9679 名受访者（63.2%）为女性，10720 名（70.0%）为白人。总体而言，15308 名受访者中有 1418 名（9.3%）报告失业，包括 2236 名中有 276 名（12.3%）和 13071 名中无新冠后状况的 1142 名（8.7%）；8229 名受访者（53.8%）全职工作，包括 2236 名中有 1017 名（45.5%）和 13071 名中无新冠后状况的 7212 名（55.2%）。在排除退休受访者的调查加权回归模型中，存在新冠后状况与全职工作的可能性较低相关（比值比[OR]，0.71[95%CI，0.63-0.80]；调整后的 OR，0.84[95%CI，0.74-0.96]），与失业的可能性较高相关（OR，1.45[95%CI，1.22-1.73]；调整后的 OR，1.23[95%CI，1.02-1.48]）。存在任何认知症状与全职工作的可能性较低相关（OR，0.70[95%CI，0.56-0.88]；调整后的 OR，0.75[95%CI，0.59-0.84]）。